依然是Spring官网。
http://spring.io/guides/gs/relational-data-access/
介绍了Spring框架如何通过JDBC连接数据库(H2数据库-一种嵌入式数据库,类似Android平台下SQLite),可是通篇没有介绍如何建立数据库连接。
而我的目标是连接Oracle数据库,怎么办呢?受到Spring的启发,最后拼凑代码终于连接上Oracle数据库。
下面,同样采用Gradle工具管理项目。项目文件build.gradle内容如下:
buildscript { repositories { mavenCentral() } dependencies { classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:1.2.6.RELEASE") classpath files("lib/ojdbc6.jar") } } apply plugin: 'java' apply plugin: 'eclipse' apply plugin: 'idea' apply plugin: 'spring-boot' jar { baseName = 'gs-relational-data-access' version = '0.1.0' } repositories { mavenCentral() } sourceCompatibility = 1.8 targetCompatibility = 1.8 dependencies { compile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web") compile("org.springframework:spring-jdbc") compile("com.h2database:h2") compile files("lib/ojdbc6.jar") testCompile("junit:junit") } task wrapper(type: Wrapper) { gradleVersion = '2.3' }在项目依赖中增加本地jar包"ojdbc6.jar"-Oracle提供JDBC实现包。
创建一个表对应实体类(Oracle 11g scott/tiger 示例DEPT表)
src/main/java/hello/Department.java
package hello; public class Department { private long id; private String name, loc; public Department(long id, String name, String loc) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.loc = loc; } public String toString() { return String.format("Department[id=%d, name='%s', loc='%s']", id, name, loc); } public long getId() { return id; } public String getName() { return name; } public String getLoc() { return loc; } }创建一个JDBCHelper类
src/main/java/hello/JdbcHelper.java
package hello; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource; public class JdbcHelper { private static JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(); static { SimpleDriverDataSource dataSource = new SimpleDriverDataSource(); dataSource.setDriverClass(oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver.class); dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl"); dataSource.setUsername("scott"); dataSource.setPassword("tiger"); jdbcTemplate.setDataSource(dataSource); } public static Department getDeptById(long id) { List<Department> list = new ArrayList<Department>(); jdbcTemplate.query("SELECT * FROM DEPT WHERE DEPTNO = ?", new Object[] {id}, (rs, rowNum) -> new Department(rs.getLong("DEPTNO"), rs.getString("DNAME"), rs.getString("LOC")) ).forEach(department -> list.add(department)); if (list != null && list.size() > 0) { return list.get(0); } return null; } public static List<Department> getDeptByName(String name) { List<Department> list = new ArrayList<Department>(); jdbcTemplate.query("SELECT * FROM DEPT WHERE DNAME = ?", new Object[] {name}, (rs, rowNum) -> new Department(rs.getLong("DEPTNO"), rs.getString("DNAME"), rs.getString("LOC")) ).forEach(department -> list.add(department)); return list; } }核心是org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate类。直接使用SQL语句操作数据库。
当然,还需要将数据库操作结果通过Web服务发布出去。
创建一个REST服务发布类。
src/main/java/hello/GreetingController.java
package hello; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController public class GreetingController { private static final String template = "Hello, %s!"; private final AtomicLong counter = new AtomicLong(); @RequestMapping("/greeting") public Greeting greeting(@RequestParam(value="name", defaultValue="World") String name) { System.out.println("greeting service called."); return new Greeting(counter.incrementAndGet(), String.format(template, name)); } @RequestMapping("/getDepartById") public Department getDepartById(@RequestParam(value="id", defaultValue="10") String id) { return JdbcHelper.getDeptById(new Long(id)); } @RequestMapping("/getDeptByName") public List<Department> getDeptByName(@RequestParam(value="name", defaultValue="市场部") String name) { return JdbcHelper.getDeptByName(name); } }/getDapartById
通过Id查询Department实体对应数据库中DEPT表记录,id作为参数,默认值为10。通过JdbcHelper类中getDeptById方法得到JSON格式数据。譬如:
http://localhost:8080/getDepartById
返回结果:
{"id":10,"name":"ACCOUNTING","loc":"NEW YORK"}
/getDeptByName
通过“name”字段查询Oracle中DEPT表记录,name作为参数,默认值为“市场部”。
http://localhost:8080/getDeptByName
返回结果:
[{"id":50,"name":"市场部","loc":"中国上海"},{"id":60,"name":"市场部","loc":"Alagas"},{"id":80,"name":"市场部","loc":"巴黎"}]
URL可以传入参数,譬如:
http://localhost:8080/getDeptByName?name=销售部
返回结果:
[{"id":45,"name":"销售部","loc":"越南"},{"id":46,"name":"销售部","loc":"越南"},{"id":42,"name":"销售部","loc":"埃及开罗"},{"id":47,"name":"销售部","loc":"越南"},{"id":44,"name":"销售部","loc":"越南"}]
Spring通过Jackson JSON库自动将字符转换为JSON格式文本或者JSON数组格式。
其实,可以将JdbcHelper类直接作为Web服务发布出去。建立数据库连接后,即可将数据库操作结果通过文本方式发布出去。