MySQL备份与恢复

1，MySQL备份
通过一个perl脚本实现DB备份: 原理很简单，利用mysqldump来导出DB，然后通过gzip进行压缩，文件目录按DB分；为避免文件过多，30天前的备份删除。

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#!/usr/bin/perl

#对用户所指定的mysql 数据库进行全备份（注意这过程会锁数据库一会）
use warnings;
use strict;
use DBI;
#数据库用户，要有bak权限
my $db_user = "bak" ;
#密码
my $db_passwd = "password" ;
#日期
my $date = `date -d yesterday + %Y %m %d `;
#主机
my $db_host = "localhost" ;
#数据库服务器的地址
my $db_dir = "/data/soft/mysql/" ;
# mysql安装路径
my $backup_dir = "/data/app/db_bak" ;
#备份路径
my $backup_log = "$backup_dir/backup.log" ;
#数据库备份保留的天数
my $db_date = 30;
# 指定要备份的数据库
my @db_lists = ( "bbs" , "help" , "mall" , "mysql" );

open (LOGFILE, ">> $backup_log" );
print LOGFILE ( "--------------------------\n" );
print LOGFILE (`date + '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' `);
print LOGFILE ( "--------------------------\n" );
chomp ( $date ); # clear "\n"

foreach my $db ( @db_lists )
{
    if (! -e "$backup_dir/$db" )
    {
        mkdir ( "$backup_dir/$db" );
    }
    #使用mysqldump 进行数据库备份
    system "$db_dir/bin/mysqldump --database $db -u $db_user -h $db_host -p $db_passwd > $backup_dir/$db/${db}_${date}.sql" ;
    if ( -e "$backup_dir/$db/${db}_${date}.sql" )
    {
        #使用gzip压缩
        system "gzip $backup_dir/$db/${db}_${date}.sql" ;
    }
    else
    {
        print LOGFILE  "$date $db is fail!,\n" ;
    }
    if (!$?)
    {
        print LOGFILE "$date $db is success!\n" ;
        my @db_file = < $backup_dir / $db /*.*>;
        foreach my $db_file ( @db_file )
        {
            my @f_info = stat ( $db_file ); #数组,下标9 是创建时间
            if ( time () - $f_info [9] > (60*60*24* $db_date ))
            {
                unlink $db_file ; #删除文件
                print LOGFILE ( "Delete OldFile $db_file successfully!\n" ); #将删除操作写入日志
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        print LOGFILE  "$date $db is gzip fail!,\n" ;
    }
}
close LOGFILE;

最后把脚本配置到 /etc/crontab

1	01 4 * * * root /data/shell/dbbackup .pl &> /tmp/dbbackup . cron .log