syslog介绍(二):Linux下syslog基本配置

syslog介绍(二):Linux下syslog基本配置 - AreYouOK? - ITeye技术网站

2008-10-18

 

简介


不同的Linux发行版使用不同syslog程序来记录系统日志。

的Debain 4.0/Ubuntu8.04(桌面版)默认使用的是sysklogd,配置文件为/etc/syslog.conf。

Fedora9默认使用rsyslogd,配置文件为/etc/rsyslog.conf。

opensuse11使用syslog-ng,配置文件为/etc/syslog-ng/syslog-ng.conf。



这里仅一debian为例介绍一下syslog.conf的配置,rsyslog.conf的格式和syslog.conf是基本一样的。可以用man syslog.conf命令查看配置帮助。



配置文件由多条规则构成,每条规则有3个部分,#开头的是注释。每条规则分3个部分指定Facility、Severity以及要采取的措施。规则是组合 的。



例子


下面的规则指定Facility为mail,Severity为err以上级别的日志写入/var/log/mail.err文件,而err以下级别的日 志则被忽略:

mail.err                        /var/log/mail.err



Facility和Severity可以使用通配符,也可以指定多个,用逗号隔开:

auth,authpriv.*                 /var/log/auth.log



Facility和Severity的组合可以有多个,用分号隔开,文件前面加一个减号表示日志不立即写入文件,而是在缓冲中积攒到一定的条件再写,这样 可以提高性能,但是当机可能会丢失数据:

*.*;auth,authpriv.none          -/var/log/syslog





可以把syslog消息通过UDP发送到syslog服务器的514端口:

*.err   
@192.168.0.1




发生错误时,在控制台打屏:

*.err   
/dev/console



日志格式



debian 4.0外发的syslog都有换行符\n结尾,没有主机名和时间,例如:

<38>su[2257]: (pam_unix) session opened for user root by root(uid=0)

<30>dhclient: bound to 192.168.233.129 -- renewal in 878 seconds.



本地syslog日志文件中的样本(/var/log/auth.log),有主机名和时间,但没有Facility和Severity

Oct  8 22:36:56 debian sshd[2261]: (pam_unix) session opened for user root by root(uid=0)



fedora的rsyslogd转发的syslog则没有换行符\n结尾。





最后给出debian4.0默认的syslog.conf文件





#  /etc/syslog.conf     Configuration file for syslogd.


#


#                       For more information see syslog.conf(5)


#                       manpage.




#


# First some standard logfiles.  Log by facility.


#




auth,authpriv.*                 /var/log/auth.log


*.*;auth,authpriv.none          -/var/log/syslog


#cron.*                         /var/log/cron.log


daemon.*                        -/var/log/daemon.log


kern.*                          -/var/log/kern.log


lpr.*                           -/var/log/lpr.log


mail.*                          -/var/log/mail.log


user.*                          -/var/log/user.log


uucp.*                          /var/log/uucp.log




#


# Logging for the mail system.  Split it up so that


# it is easy to write scripts to parse these files.


#


mail.info                       -/var/log/mail.info


mail.warn                       -/var/log/mail.warn


mail.err                        /var/log/mail.err




# Logging for INN news system


#


news.crit                       /var/log/news/news.crit


news.err                        /var/log/news/news.err


news.notice                     -/var/log/news/news.notice




#


# Some `catch-all' logfiles.


#


*.=debug;\


        auth,authpriv.none;\


        news.none;mail.none     -/var/log/debug


*.=info;*.=notice;*.=warn;\


        auth,authpriv.none;\


        cron,daemon.none;\


        mail,news.none          -/var/log/messages




#


# Emergencies are sent to everybody logged in.


#


*.emerg                         *




#


# I like to have messages displayed on the console, but only on a virtual


# console I usually leave idle.


#


#daemon,mail.*;\


#       news.=crit;news.=err;news.=notice;\


#       *.=debug;*.=info;\


#       *.=notice;*.=warn       /dev/tty8




# The named pipe /dev/xconsole is for the `xconsole' utility.  To use it,


# you must invoke `xconsole' with the `-file' option:


#


#    $ xconsole -file /dev/xconsole [...]


#


# NOTE: adjust the list below, or you'll go crazy if you have a reasonably


#      busy site..


#


daemon.*;mail.*;\


        news.crit;news.err;news.notice;\


        *.=debug;*.=info;\


        *.=notice;*.=warn       |/dev/xconsole

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