spring 事物管理的几种方法

    前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究,在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过,但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清,还是比较好掌握的。

    总结如下:

    Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分,分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分,无论哪种配置方式,一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

    DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化,比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问 时,DataSource实际为SessionFactory,TransactionManager的实现为 HibernateTransactionManager。

    具体如下图:

Spring事务配置的五种方式(1)

    根据代理机制的不同,总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式,配置文件如下:

    第一种方式:每个Bean都有一个代理

     <!--  定义事务管理器(声明式的事务)  -->  
   
  < bean  id ="transactionManager"
        class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
       
  < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
   
  </ bean >
   
   
  <!--  配置DAO  -->
   
  < bean  id ="userDaoTarget"  class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
       
  < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
   
  </ bean >
   
   
  < bean  id ="userDao"  
        class
="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" >  
          
  <!--  配置事务管理器  -->  
          
  < property  name ="transactionManager"  ref ="transactionManager"   />     
       
  < property  name ="target"  ref ="userDaoTarget"   />  
        
  < property  name ="proxyInterfaces"  value ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao"   />
       
  <!--  配置事务属性  -->  
       
  < property  name ="transactionAttributes" >  
           
  < props >  
               
  < prop  key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
           
  </ props >  
       
  </ property >  
   
  </ bean >   

    第二种方式:所有Bean共享一个代理基类

     <!--  定义事务管理器(声明式的事务)  -->  
   
  < bean  id ="transactionManager"
        class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
       
  < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
   
  </ bean >
   
   
  < bean  id ="transactionBase"  
            class
="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"  
            lazy-init
="true"  abstract ="true" >  
       
  <!--  配置事务管理器  -->  
       
  < property  name ="transactionManager"  ref ="transactionManager"   />  
       
  <!--  配置事务属性  -->  
       
  < property  name ="transactionAttributes" >  
           
  < props >  
               
  < prop  key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >  
           
  </ props >  
       
  </ property >  
   
  </ bean >    
  
   
  <!--  配置DAO  -->
   
  < bean  id ="userDaoTarget"  class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
       
  < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
   
  </ bean >
   
   
  < bean  id ="userDao"  parent ="transactionBase"   >  
       
  < property  name ="target"  ref ="userDaoTarget"   />   
   
  </ bean >
 
方法三 使用拦截器
   <!--  定义事务管理器(声明式的事务)  -->  
   
  < bean  id ="transactionManager"
        class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
       
  < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
   
  </ bean >  
  
   
  < bean  id ="transactionInterceptor"  
        class
="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor" >  
       
  < property  name ="transactionManager"  ref ="transactionManager"   />  
       
  <!--  配置事务属性  -->  
       
  < property  name ="transactionAttributes" >  
           
  < props >  
               
  < prop  key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >  
           
  </ props >  
       
  </ property >  
   
  </ bean >
     
   
  < bean  class ="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator" >  
       
  < property  name ="beanNames" >  
           
  < list >  
               
  < value > *Dao </ value >
             </ list >  
       
  </ property >  
       
  < property  name ="interceptorNames" >  
           
  < list >  
               
  < value > transactionInterceptor </ value >  
           
  </ list >  
       
  </ property >  
   
  </ bean >  
 
   
  <!--  配置DAO  -->
   
  < bean  id ="userDao"  class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
       
  < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
   
  </ bean >

第四种方式:使用tx标签配置的拦截器

     < context:annotation-config  />
   
  < context:component-scan  base-package ="com.bluesky"   />

     <!--  定义事务管理器(声明式的事务)  -->  
   
  < bean  id ="transactionManager"
        class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
       
  < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
   
  </ bean >

   
  < tx:advice  id ="txAdvice"  transaction-manager ="transactionManager" >
       
  < tx:attributes >
           
  < tx:method  name ="*"  propagation ="REQUIRED"   />
       
  </ tx:attributes >
   
  </ tx:advice >
   
   
  < aop:config >
       
  < aop:pointcut  id ="interceptorPointCuts"
            expression
="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"   />
       
  < aop:advisor  advice-ref ="txAdvice"
            pointcut-ref
="interceptorPointCuts"   />        
   
  </ aop:config >
 

第五种方式:全注解

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans  xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"
>

   
  < context:annotation-config  />
   
  < context:component-scan  base-package ="com.bluesky"   />

   
  < tx:annotation-driven  transaction-manager ="transactionManager" />

   
  < bean  id ="sessionFactory"  
            class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >  
       
  < property  name ="configLocation"  value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />  
       
  < property  name ="configurationClass"  value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
   
  </ bean >  

   
  <!--  定义事务管理器(声明式的事务)  -->  
   
  < bean  id ="transactionManager"
        class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
       
  < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
   
  </ bean >
   
</ beans >

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解,如下:

package  com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import  java.util.List;

import  org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import  org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import  org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import  org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import  com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component(
" userDao " )
public   class  UserDaoImpl  extends  HibernateDaoSupport  implements  UserDao {

   
  public  List < User >  listUsers() {
       
  return   this .getSession().createQuery( " from User " ).list();
    }
}
 
 

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