Oracle 集合学习笔记

关联数组:

一维的,无界限的,同种元素的稀疏集合,只在PL/SQL中可用。

在oracle 8i中称为索引表,9i后改为关联数组。

 

嵌套表:

一维的,无界限的,同种元素的稀疏集合;

初始化是紧密的,可能被删除能稀疏的。嵌套表在PL和数据库里使用。

    嵌套表是多重表,里面元素没有继承顺序。

 

变长数组:

一维的同种元素集合。有限的,并且不是稀疏的。当定义变长数组时必须指定最大长度。

可以PL/SQL及数据库里使用。变长数组是保留顺序的。

 

 

 选择合适的集合类型。

普遍情况:在都能使用的情况下,优先使用关联数组,因为它能减少coding.不用初始化,不用extend.性能最高(在老的数据库版本中)。如果有储存到数据里的话只能使用嵌套表或是变长数组。

 

Guidelines:

  • 稀疏数组使用关联数组
  • 下标使用负数,使用关联数组。
  • 使用Oracle 10g的话,如果要使用高层集合操作,更倾向使用嵌套表而不是关联数组
  • 在表中储存少量数据使用变长数组
  • 表中储存大量数据使用嵌套表
  • 想要保证数据储存的顺序,并且是小数据量的话使用变长数组。“小”是指能储存到一个block里
  • 在使用变长数组时,不用担心删除中间数据。

 

Table 12-2. Comparing Oracle collection types

Characteristic

Associative array

Nested table

VARRAY

Dimensionality

Single

Single

Single

Usable in SQL?

No

Yes

Yes

Usable as column datatype in a table?

No

Yes; data stored "out of line" (in separate table)

Yes; data stored "in line" (in same table)

Uninitialized state

Empty (cannot be null); elements undefined

Atomically null; illegal to reference elements

Atomically null; illegal to reference elements

Initialization

Automatic, when declared

Via constructor, fetch, assignment

Via constructor, fetch, assignment

In PL/SQL, elements

referenced via

BINARY_INTEGER (-2,147,483,647 .. 2,147,483,647)

VARCHAR2 (Oracle9i Database Release 2 and above)

Positive integer between 1 and 2,147,483,647

Positive integer between 1 and 2,147,483,647

Sparse?

Yes

Initially, no; after deletions, yes

No

Bounded?

No

Can be extended

Yes

Can assign value to any

element at any time?

Yes

No; may need to EXTEND first

No; may need to EXTEND first, and cannot EXTEND past upper bound

Means of extending

Assign value to element with a new subscript

Use built-in EXTEND procedure (or TRIM to condense), with no predefined

maximum

EXTEND (or TRIM), but only up to declared maximum size

Can be compared for equality?

No

Yes, in Oracle Database 10g

No

Can be manipulated with set operators

No

Yes, in Oracle Database 10g

No

Retains ordering and subscripts when stored in and retrieved from database?

N/A

No

Yes

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