使用Spring MVC3构建Web应用详细教程
【IT168 应用】本文将指导大家如何使用Spring MVC3去构建一个Web应用。在Spring MVC中，所有的用户请求都会被派发到控制器模块，控制器然后再根据业务逻辑去调用数据访问层获得数据，最后通过JSP视图返回。
在动手之前，我们先准备好我们的环境，需要的是JDK 1.5以上以及Eclipse IDE，当然还要下载最新版本的Spring 3，本文还要下载最新版本的ant,以便我们学习如何通过ant去构建应用。
Spring MVC3构建Web应用第一步
首先在Eclipse中利用新建菜单，建立一个Dynamic Web Project(动态Web工程),命名为SampleSpringMVC,接下来，我们要建立一个ant.xml的文件，这个文件会方便我们把做好的程序打包成war文件，这个可以有如下几步去实现：
1、点文件—新建—文件，如下图：
2、输入ant.xml作为文件名，并点完成。如下图：
3、打开ant.xml文件，编辑内容如下：
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1
<?
xml version
=
"
1.0
"
?>
2
3 <!-- Copyright : adobocode.com , 2010 -->
4
5 < project name = " SampleSpringMVC " basedir = " . " default = " build " >
6 < property file = " ant.properties " />
7 < property name = " src.dir " value = " src " />
8 < property name = " war.dir " value = " war " />
9 < property name = " build.dir " value = " ${war.dir}/WEB-INF/classes " />
10 < property name = " deploy.path " value = " ${tomcat.home}/webapps " />
11 < property name = " name " value = " SampleSpringMVC " />
12
13 < path id = " master-classpath " >
14 < fileset dir = " ${war.dir}/WEB-INF/lib " >
15 < include name = " *.jar " />
16 </ fileset >
17
18 < fileset dir = " ${tomcat.home}/lib " >
19 < include name = " servlet*.jar " />
20 </ fileset >
21 < pathelement path = " ${build.dir} " />
22 </ path >
23
24 < target name = " build " description = " Compile main source tree java files " >
25 < echo > Building... </ echo >
26 < mkdir dir = " ${build.dir} " />
27 < javac destdir = " ${build.dir} " failonerror = " true " >
28 < src path = " ${src.dir} " />
29 < classpath refid = " master-classpath " />
30 </ javac >
31 </ target >
32
33 < target name = " war-archiving " >
34 < echo > Archiving... </ echo >
35 < war destfile = " ${name}.war " webxml = " ${war.dir}/WEB-INF/web.xml " >
36 < fileset dir = " ${war.dir} " >
37 < include name = " **/*.* " />
38 </ fileset >
39 </ war >
40 </ target >
41
42 < target name = " deploy " depends = " build " >
43 < echo > Deploying... </ echo >
44 < copy todir = " ${deploy.path} " >
45 < fileset dir = " . " >
46 < include name = " *.war " />
47 </ fileset >
48 </ copy >
49 </ target >
50
51 </ project >
2
3 <!-- Copyright : adobocode.com , 2010 -->
4
5 < project name = " SampleSpringMVC " basedir = " . " default = " build " >
6 < property file = " ant.properties " />
7 < property name = " src.dir " value = " src " />
8 < property name = " war.dir " value = " war " />
9 < property name = " build.dir " value = " ${war.dir}/WEB-INF/classes " />
10 < property name = " deploy.path " value = " ${tomcat.home}/webapps " />
11 < property name = " name " value = " SampleSpringMVC " />
12
13 < path id = " master-classpath " >
14 < fileset dir = " ${war.dir}/WEB-INF/lib " >
15 < include name = " *.jar " />
16 </ fileset >
17
18 < fileset dir = " ${tomcat.home}/lib " >
19 < include name = " servlet*.jar " />
20 </ fileset >
21 < pathelement path = " ${build.dir} " />
22 </ path >
23
24 < target name = " build " description = " Compile main source tree java files " >
25 < echo > Building... </ echo >
26 < mkdir dir = " ${build.dir} " />
27 < javac destdir = " ${build.dir} " failonerror = " true " >
28 < src path = " ${src.dir} " />
29 < classpath refid = " master-classpath " />
30 </ javac >
31 </ target >
32
33 < target name = " war-archiving " >
34 < echo > Archiving... </ echo >
35 < war destfile = " ${name}.war " webxml = " ${war.dir}/WEB-INF/web.xml " >
36 < fileset dir = " ${war.dir} " >
37 < include name = " **/*.* " />
38 </ fileset >
39 </ war >
40 </ target >
41
42 < target name = " deploy " depends = " build " >
43 < echo > Deploying... </ echo >
44 < copy todir = " ${deploy.path} " >
45 < fileset dir = " . " >
46 < include name = " *.war " />
47 </ fileset >
48 </ copy >
49 </ target >
50
51 </ project >
Spring MVC3构建Web应用第二步
建立一个ant.properties文件，该文件会存放一些值的属性，并且这些值也会是ant.xml中用到的。请按如下步骤实现：
1)点文件—新建-文件
2) 将文件命名为ant.properties,并点完成，如下图：
3)打开ant.properties,修改tomcat.home的目录为你安装tomcat的实际目录。
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1
tomcat.home
=
C:
/
Tools
/
apache
-
tomcat
-
6.0
.
2
2 tomcat.lib = $ {tomcat.home} / lib
2 tomcat.lib = $ {tomcat.home} / lib
下载下面列表的.jar文件，并放到SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF/lib下。
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1
commons
-
logging.jar
2 jstl - api - 1.2 .jar
3 jstl.jar
4 org.springframework.asm - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
5 org.springframework.beans - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
6 org.springframework.context - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
7 org.springframework.core - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
8 org.springframework.expression - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
9 org.springframework.web - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
10 org.springframework.web.servlet - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
11 standard.jar
2 jstl - api - 1.2 .jar
3 jstl.jar
4 org.springframework.asm - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
5 org.springframework.beans - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
6 org.springframework.context - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
7 org.springframework.core - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
8 org.springframework.expression - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
9 org.springframework.web - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
10 org.springframework.web.servlet - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
11 standard.jar
按如下修改web.xml：
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<!--
Copyright : adobocode.com ,
2010
-->
2
3 < web - app id = " WebApp_ID " version = " 2.4 "
4 xmlns = " http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee " xmlns:xsi = " http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance "
5 xsi:schemaLocation = " http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd " >
6
7 < display - name > SampleSpringMVC </ display - name >
8
9 < servlet >
10 < servlet - name > SampleSpringMVC </ servlet - name >
11 < servlet - class > org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </ servlet - class >
12 < load - on - startup > 1 </ load - on - startup >
13 </ servlet >
14
15 < servlet - mapping >
16 < servlet - name > SampleSpringMVC </ servlet - name >
17 < url - pattern >* .htm </ url - pattern >
18 </ servlet - mapping >
19
20 < welcome - file - list >
21 < welcome - file > index.jsp </ welcome - file >
22 </ welcome - file - list >
23
24 </ web - app >
2
3 < web - app id = " WebApp_ID " version = " 2.4 "
4 xmlns = " http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee " xmlns:xsi = " http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance "
5 xsi:schemaLocation = " http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd " >
6
7 < display - name > SampleSpringMVC </ display - name >
8
9 < servlet >
10 < servlet - name > SampleSpringMVC </ servlet - name >
11 < servlet - class > org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </ servlet - class >
12 < load - on - startup > 1 </ load - on - startup >
13 </ servlet >
14
15 < servlet - mapping >
16 < servlet - name > SampleSpringMVC </ servlet - name >
17 < url - pattern >* .htm </ url - pattern >
18 </ servlet - mapping >
19
20 < welcome - file - list >
21 < welcome - file > index.jsp </ welcome - file >
22 </ welcome - file - list >
23
24 </ web - app >
创建index.jsp,这个只需要在war/WEB-INF下建立即可，并且将内容设置为如下：
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<%
@ page language
=
"
java
"
session
=
"
false
"
contentType
=
"
text/html; charset=UTF-8
"
%>
2 <% @ taglib prefix = " c " uri = " http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core " %>
3 < html >
4 < head >
5 < title > Adobocode : Sample Spring MVC </ title >
6 </ head >
7 < body >
8 < h2 > Adobocode : Hello World </ h2 >
9 < br />
10 < a href = " <c:url value= " personDisplay.htm " /> " > Person List </ a >
11 </ body >
12 </ html >
2 <% @ taglib prefix = " c " uri = " http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core " %>
3 < html >
4 < head >
5 < title > Adobocode : Sample Spring MVC </ title >
6 </ head >
7 < body >
8 < h2 > Adobocode : Hello World </ h2 >
9 < br />
10 < a href = " <c:url value= " personDisplay.htm " /> " > Person List </ a >
11 </ body >
12 </ html >
Spring MVC3构建Web应用第三步
在SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF中建立文件SampleSpringMVC-servlet.xml，并将内容修改如下：
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1
<?
xml version
=
"
1.0
"
encoding
=
"
UTF-8
"
?>
2
3 <!-- Copyright : adobocode.com , 2010 -->
4
5 < beans xmlns = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans "
6 xmlns:xsi = " http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance "
7 xmlns:p = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/p "
8 xmlns:context = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/context "
9 xsi:schemaLocation = "
10
11 http: // www.springframework.org/schema/beans
12
13 http: // www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
14
15 http: // www.springframework.org/schema/context
16
17 http: // www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
18
19 < bean class = " org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping " />
20
21 < bean class = " org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter " />
22
23 < context:component - scan base - package = " paul.sydney.controller " />
24
25 < context:component - scan base - package = " paul.sydney.service " />
26
27 < bean id = " viewResolver " class = " org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver " >
28 < property name = " viewClass " >< value > org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView </ value ></ property >
29 < property name = " prefix " >< value >/ WEB - INF / jsp /</ value ></ property >
30<span
2
3 <!-- Copyright : adobocode.com , 2010 -->
4
5 < beans xmlns = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans "
6 xmlns:xsi = " http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance "
7 xmlns:p = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/p "
8 xmlns:context = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/context "
9 xsi:schemaLocation = "
10
11 http: // www.springframework.org/schema/beans
12
13 http: // www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
14
15 http: // www.springframework.org/schema/context
16
17 http: // www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
18
19 < bean class = " org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping " />
20
21 < bean class = " org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter " />
22
23 < context:component - scan base - package = " paul.sydney.controller " />
24
25 < context:component - scan base - package = " paul.sydney.service " />
26
27 < bean id = " viewResolver " class = " org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver " >
28 < property name = " viewClass " >< value > org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView </ value ></ property >
29 < property name = " prefix " >< value >/ WEB - INF / jsp /</ value ></ property >
30<span
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