转[Android]APK打包过程详解（一）

原文地址：http://jojol-zhou.iteye.com/blog/729271
如作者要求，请留言，博主可删除此博文。

这篇文章对android打包过程的每个步骤做了详细的解释，这里我给一个Maven简单版本作为概括

第一步， aapt,如果pom依赖中有apklib，将会先解压，与原文件一起产生aidl r等文件。
第二步， aidl,javac,编译， 和传统maven编译一样， 需要解决依赖， 包冲突等还有scope。
第三步， proguard,混淆，发布包需要，会把所有依赖的jar包放一起处理， 形成混淆后的单一jar包
第四步， Dex， 混淆后的jar包， 处理成delvik认识的classes.dex。
第五步， apkbuilder,打APK，将把所有资源文件， 和dex， 打包成为apk。
​第六步， 有maven插件支持，将替换相应的资源文件和配置项， 最后再次调用aapt打包。
最后  ， jarsigner，ziplign就是类似签名，对齐等操作不表

​渠道包的关键是在第六步， 注意是一次编译class，一次混淆。便可打出n多个渠道包。

​每一步都是过程明确，产出目标明确，可以使用maven。

如下引用原文：


1.Android程序编译、打包、签名、发布的三种方式：
方式一：命令行手动编译打包
方式二：使用ant自动编译打包
方式三：使用eclipse+ADT编译打包

2.Android编译、打包的步骤：
2.1第一步 生成R.java类文件：
Eclipse中会自动生成R.java，ant和命令行使用android SDK提供的aapt.ext程序生成R.java。

2.2第二步 将.aidl文件生成.java类文件：
Eclipse中自动生成，ant和命令行使用android SDK提供的aidl.exe生成.java文件。

2.3第三步 编译.java类文件生成class文件：
Eclipse中自动生成，ant和命令行使用jdk的javac编译java类文件生成class文件。

2.4第四步 将class文件打包生成classes.dex文件：
Eclipse中自动生成,ant和命令行使用android SDK提供的dx.bat命令行脚本生成classes.dex文件。

2.5第五步 打包资源文件（包括res、assets、androidmanifest.xml等）：
Eclipse中自动生成,ant和命令行使用Android SDK提供的aapt.exe生成资源包文件。

2.6第六步 生成未签名的apk安装文件：
Eclipse中自动生成debug签名文件存放在bin目录中，ant和命令行使用android SDK提供的apkbuilder.bat命令脚本生成未签名的apk安装文件。

2.7第七步 对未签名的apk进行签名生成签名后的android文件：
Eclipse中使用Android Tools进行签名，ant和命令行使用jdk的jarsigner对未签名的包进行apk签名。



3.命令行手动编译打包详解
详见：http://jojol-zhou.iteye.com/blog/729254

4.ant自动打包android程序详解
4.1生成R.java类文件：
  

 <!-- Generate the R.java file for this project's resources. --> 
    <target name="resource-src" depends="copy"> 
        <echo>Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources...</echo> 
        <exec executable="${aapt}" failonerror="true"> 
<arg value="package" /> 
<arg value="-m" /> 
<arg value="-J" /> 
<arg value="${outdir-gen}" /> 
<arg value="-M" /> 
<arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" /> 
<arg value="-S" /> 
<arg value="${resource-dir}" /> 
<arg value="-I" /> 
<arg value="${android-jar}" /> 
</exec> 
    </target> 

4.2将.aidl文件生成.java类文件：
 

  <!-- Generate java classes from .aidl files. --> 
    <target name="aidl" depends="copy"> 
        <echo>Compiling aidl files into Java classes...</echo> 
        <apply executable="${aidl}" failonerror="true"> 
            <arg value="-p${android-framework}" /> 
            <arg value="-I${srcdir}" /> 
            <fileset dir="${srcdir}"> 
                <include name="**/*.aidl"/> 
            </fileset> 
        </apply> 
</target> 

4.3编译.java类文件生成class文件：
  

 <!-- Compile this project's .java files into .class files. --> 
    <target name="compile" depends="copy, resource-src, aidl"> 
        <javac encoding="GB18030" target="1.5" debug="true" extdirs="" 
                srcdir="." 
                destdir="${outdir-classes}" 
                bootclasspath="${android-jar}"> 
            <classpath> 
                <fileset dir="${external-libs}" includes="*.jar"/> 
            </classpath> 
         </javac> 
    </target> 

  
4.4第四步 将class文件打包生成classes.dex文件：
  

 <!-- Convert this project's .class files into .dex files. --> 
    <target name="dex" depends="compile"> 
        <echo>Converting compiled files and external libraries into ${outdir}/${dex-file}...</echo> 
        <apply executable="${dx}" failonerror="true" parallel="true"> 
            <arg value="--dex" /> 
            <arg value="--output=${intermediate-dex-ospath}" /> 
            <arg path="${outdir-obfuscate-classes-ospath}" /> 
            <fileset dir="${external-libs}" includes="*.jar"/> 
        </apply> 
    </target> 

4.5第五步 打包资源文件（包括res、assets、androidmanifest.xml等）：
 

 <!-- Put the project's resources into the output package file. --> 
    <target name="package-res-and-assets"> 
        <echo>Packaging resources and assets...</echo> 
        <exec executable="${aapt}" failonerror="true"> 
            <arg value="package" /> 
            <arg value="-f" /> 
            <arg value="-M" /> 
            <arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" /> 
            <arg value="-S" /> 
            <arg value="${resource-dir}" /> 
            <arg value="-A" /> 
            <arg value="${asset-dir}" /> 
            <arg value="-I" /> 
            <arg value="${android-jar}" /> 
            <arg value="-F" /> 
            <arg value="${resources-package}" /> 
        </exec> 
    </target> 

4.6第六步 生成未签名的apk安装文件：

  <target name="package" depends="dex, package-res"> 
        <echo>Packaging ${out-unsigned-package} for release...</echo> 
        <exec executable="${apk-builder}" failonerror="true"> 
            <arg value="${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" /> 
            <arg value="-u" /> 
            <arg value="-z" /> 
            <arg value="${resources-package-ospath}" /> 
            <arg value="-f" /> 
            <arg value="${intermediate-dex-ospath}" /> 
            <arg value="-rf" /> 
            <arg value="${srcdir-ospath}" /> 
            <arg value="-rj" /> 
            <arg value="${external-libs-ospath}" /> 
        </exec> 
        <echo>It will need to be signed with jarsigner before being published.</echo> 
    </target> 

   
4.7第七步 对未签名的apk进行签名生成签名后的android文件：
<target name="jarsigner" depends="package">

<echo>Packaging ${out-unsigned-package} for release...</echo> 
<exec executable="${jarsigner}" failonerror="true"> 
<arg value="-verbose" /> 
<arg value="-storepass" /> 
<arg value="byread002" /> 
<arg value="-keypass" /> 
<arg value="byread002" /> 
<arg value="-keystore" /> 
<arg value="bbyread.keystore" /> 
<arg value="-signedjar" /> 
<arg value="${out-signed-package-ospath}" /> 
<arg value="${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" /> 
<arg value="byread" /> 
</exec> 
</target> 

Ant配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0" ?>  
   
<project name="Byread" default="debug">  
    <!-- SDK Locations -->  
    <property name="sdk2.2-folder" value="F:\explorer\android-sdk-windows2.2" />  
    <property name="sdk-folder" value="${sdk2.2-folder}/platforms/android-3" />  
    <property name="sdk-tools" value="${sdk-folder}/tools" />  
    <property name="android-tools" value="${sdk2.2-folder}/tools" />  
    <property name="proguardpath" location="${wtkhome}/lib/proguard" />  
  
        <!-- step 1.generate R.java by aapt  2.compile java to class by javac。exe 3.generate classes.dex by dx.bat  -->  
        <!-- 4.package resources by aapt 5. package resource and classes.dex by apkbuilder.bat 6.sign apk by jarsinger -->  
    <!-- Tools -->  
    <property name="aapt" value="${sdk-tools}/aapt.exe" />  
    <property name="dx" value="${sdk-tools}/dx.bat" />  
    <property name="apk-builder" value="${android-tools}/apkbuilder.bat" />  
    <property name="aidl" value="${android-tools}/aidl.exe" />  
    <property name="adb" value="${android-tools}/adb.exe" />  
    <property name="android-jar" value="${sdk-folder}/android.jar" />  
    <property name="jarsigner" value="C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_07\bin\jarsigner.exe" />  
  
    <!-- Application Package Name -->  
    <property name="application-package" value="com.byread.reader" />  
    <property name="useragent" value="byAndroidWeb" />  
    <property name="version" value="1.02" />  
    <!-- The intermediates directory -->  
    <!-- Eclipse uses "bin" for its own output, so we do the same. -->  
    <property name="outdir-bin" value="bin" />  
    <property name="outdir-gen" value="gen" />  
    <!-- source directories -->  
        <property name="resource-dir" value="res" />  
    <property name="asset-dir" value="assets" />  
    <property name="srcdir" value="src" />  
    <property name="srcdir-ospath" value="${basedir}/${srcdir}" />  
    <property name="external-libs" value="libs" />  
    <property name="external-libs-ospath" value="${basedir}/${external-libs}" />  
      
    <!-- dest directories -->  
    <property name="des-resource-dir" value="${outdir-bin}/res" />  
    <property name="des-asset-dir" value="${outdir-bin}/assets" />  
    <property name="des-srcdir" value="${outdir-bin}/src" />  
    <property name="des-srcdir-ospath" value="${basedir}/${outdir-bin}/${srcdir}" />  
    <property name="des-external-libs" value="${outdir-bin}/libs" />  
    <property name="des-external-libs-ospath" value="${basedir}/${outdir-bin}/${external-libs}" />  
      
    <!-- Output directories -->  
    <property name="outdir-classes" value="${outdir-bin}/src" />  
    <property name="outdir-obfuscate-classes" value="${outdir-bin}/classes" />  
    <property name="outdir-obfuscate-classes-ospath" value="${basedir}/${outdir-obfuscate-classes}" />  
  
    <!-- Intermediate files -->  
    <property name="dex-file" value="classes.dex" />  
    <property name="intermediate-dex" value="${outdir-bin}/${dex-file}" />  
    <property name="intermediate-dex-ospath" value="${basedir}/${intermediate-dex}" />  
  
    <!-- The final package file to generate -->  
    <property name="resources-package" value="${outdir-bin}/${ant.project.name}" />  
    <property name="resources-package-ospath" value="${basedir}/${resources-package}" />  
    <property name="out-debug-package" value="${outdir-bin}/${ant.project.name}-debug.apk" />  
    <property name="out-debug-package-ospath" value="${basedir}/${out-debug-package}" />  
    <property name="out-unsigned-package" value="${outdir-bin}/${ant.project.name}-unsigned.apk" />  
    <property name="out-unsigned-package-ospath" value="${basedir}/${out-unsigned-package}" />  
        <property name="out-signed-package" value="${useragent}\${ant.project.name}.apk" />  
        <property name="out-signed-package-ospath" value="${basedir}\${out-signed-package}" />  
          
  
    <!-- init -->  
        <target name="init">  
        <echo>Creating all output directories </echo>  
        <delete dir="${outdir-bin}" />  
        <delete dir="${useragent}" />  
        <mkdir dir="${outdir-bin}" />  
        <mkdir dir="${outdir-classes}" />  
        <mkdir dir="${useragent}" />  
    </target>  
      
    <!-- copy original strings and modify useragent -->  
    <target name="copy" depends="init">  
        <echo>copy files to output folder</echo>  
        <delete file="${resource-dir}\values\strings.xml"/>  
        <copy file="strings.xml" todir="${resource-dir}\values" />  
        <replace file="${resource-dir}\values\strings.xml" token="@USERAGENT@" value="${useragent}" encoding="utf-8"/>  
    </target>  
  
    <!-- Generate the R.java file for this project's resources. -->  
    <target name="resource-src" depends="copy">  
        <echo>Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${aapt}" failonerror="true">  
                    <arg value="package" />  
                    <arg value="-m" />  
                    <arg value="-J" />  
                    <arg value="${outdir-gen}" />  
                    <arg value="-M" />  
                    <arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" />  
                    <arg value="-S" />  
                    <arg value="${resource-dir}" />  
                    <arg value="-I" />  
                    <arg value="${android-jar}" />  
                </exec>  
    </target>  
  
    <!-- Generate java classes from .aidl files. -->  
    <target name="aidl" depends="copy">  
        <echo>Compiling aidl files into Java classes...</echo>  
        <apply executable="${aidl}" failonerror="true">  
            <arg value="-p${android-framework}" />  
            <arg value="-I${srcdir}" />  
            <fileset dir="${srcdir}">  
                <include name="**/*.aidl"/>  
            </fileset>  
        </apply>  
    </target>  
  
    <!-- Compile this project's .java files into .class files. -->  
    <target name="compile" depends="copy, resource-src, aidl">  
        <javac encoding="GB18030" target="1.5" debug="true" extdirs=""  
                srcdir="."  
                destdir="${outdir-classes}"  
                bootclasspath="${android-jar}">  
            <classpath>  
                <fileset dir="${external-libs}" includes="*.jar"/>  
            </classpath>  
         </javac>  
    </target>  
      
  
  
  
    <!-- Convert this project's .class files into .dex files. -->  
    <target name="dex" depends="compile">  
        <echo>Converting compiled files and external libraries into ${outdir}/${dex-file}...</echo>  
        <apply executable="${dx}" failonerror="true" parallel="true">  
            <arg value="--dex" />  
            <arg value="--output=${intermediate-dex-ospath}" />  
            <arg path="${outdir-obfuscate-classes-ospath}" />  
            <fileset dir="${external-libs}" includes="*.jar"/>  
        </apply>  
    </target>  
  
    <!-- Put the project's resources into the output package file. -->  
    <target name="package-res-and-assets">  
        <echo>Packaging resources and assets...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${aapt}" failonerror="true">  
            <arg value="package" />  
            <arg value="-f" />  
            <arg value="-M" />  
            <arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" />  
            <arg value="-S" />  
            <arg value="${resource-dir}" />  
            <arg value="-A" />  
            <arg value="${asset-dir}" />  
            <arg value="-I" />  
            <arg value="${android-jar}" />  
            <arg value="-F" />  
            <arg value="${resources-package}" />  
        </exec>  
    </target>  
  
    <!-- Same as package-res-and-assets, but without "-A ${asset-dir}" -->  
    <target name="package-res-no-assets">  
        <echo>Packaging resources...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${aapt}" failonerror="true">  
            <arg value="package" />  
            <arg value="-f" />  
            <arg value="-M" />  
            <arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" />  
            <arg value="-S" />  
            <arg value="${resource-dir}" />  
            <!-- No assets directory -->  
            <arg value="-I" />  
            <arg value="${android-jar}" />  
            <arg value="-F" />  
            <arg value="${resources-package}" />  
        </exec>  
    </target>  
  
    <!-- Invoke the proper target depending on whether or not  
         an assets directory is present. -->  
    <!-- TODO: find a nicer way to include the "-A ${asset-dir}" argument  
         only when the assets dir exists. -->  
    <target name="package-res">  
        <available file="${asset-dir}" type="dir"  
                property="res-target" value="and-assets" />  
        <property name="res-target" value="no-assets" />  
        <antcall target="package-res-${res-target}" />  
    </target>  
  
    <!-- Package the application and sign it with a debug key.  
         This is the default target when building. It is used for debug. -->  
    <target name="debug" depends="dex, package-res">  
        <echo>Packaging ${out-debug-package}, and signing it with a debug key...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${apk-builder}" failonerror="true">  
            <arg value="${out-debug-package-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-z" />  
            <arg value="${resources-package-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-f" />  
            <arg value="${intermediate-dex-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-rf" />  
            <arg value="${srcdir-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-rj" />  
            <arg value="${external-libs-ospath}" />  
        </exec>  
    </target>  
  
    <!-- Package the application without signing it.  
         This allows for the application to be signed later with an official publishing key. -->  
    <target name="package" depends="dex, package-res">  
        <echo>Packaging ${out-unsigned-package} for release...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${apk-builder}" failonerror="true">  
            <arg value="${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-u" />  
            <arg value="-z" />  
            <arg value="${resources-package-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-f" />  
            <arg value="${intermediate-dex-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-rf" />  
            <arg value="${srcdir-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-rj" />  
            <arg value="${external-libs-ospath}" />  
        </exec>  
        <echo>It will need to be signed with jarsigner before being published.</echo>  
    </target>  
      
        <target name="jarsigner" depends="package">  
            <echo>Packaging ${out-unsigned-package} for release...</echo>  
            <exec executable="${jarsigner}" failonerror="true">  
                <arg value="-verbose" />  
                <arg value="-storepass" />  
                <arg value="byread002" />  
                <arg value="-keypass" />  
                <arg value="byread002" />  
                <arg value="-keystore" />  
                <arg value="bbyread.keystore" />  
                <arg value="-signedjar" />  
                <arg value="${out-signed-package-ospath}" />  
                <arg value="${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" />  
                <arg value="byread" />  
            </exec>  
        </target>  
          
        <target name="release" depends="jarsigner">  
        <echo>release for release...</echo>  
    </target>  
      
    <!-- Install the package on the default emulator -->  
    <target name="install" depends="debug">  
        <echo>Installing ${out-debug-package} onto default emulator...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${adb}" failonerror="true">  
            <arg value="install" />  
            <arg value="${out-debug-package}" />  
        </exec>  
    </target>  
  
    <target name="reinstall" depends="debug">  
        <echo>Installing ${out-debug-package} onto default emulator...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${adb}" failonerror="true">  
            <arg value="install" />  
            <arg value="-r" />  
            <arg value="${out-debug-package}" />  
        </exec>  
    </target>  
  
    <!-- Uinstall the package from the default emulator -->  
    <target name="uninstall">  
        <echo>Uninstalling ${application-package} from the default emulator...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${adb}" failonerror="true">  
            <arg value="uninstall" />  
            <arg value="${application-package}" />  
        </exec>  
    </target>  
  
</project>  

5.eclipse打包签名
详见：http://jojol-zhou.iteye.com/blog/719428