JavaMail学习笔记（七）、帐号激活与忘记密码 实例

 

一、帐户激活

 

          在很多时候，在某些网站注册一个用户之后，网站会给这个用户注册时填写的email地址发送一封帐户激活邮件，这封邮件的内容就是一个激活帐户的链接和一段简短的文字描述，如果用户没有去邮箱将帐户激活，可能在使用网站的某些功能时就会受到限制，比如不能发贴、下载资料、评论等限制。这么做的原因应该是为了保证帐户的安全性和邮箱的有效性，以后网站如果有什么活动、资讯或系统安全通知等，可以在第一时间通知到用户。比如我在奇艺视频网站注册一个帐号之后，它就会往我注册时填写的邮箱中发一封帐户激活的邮件，邮件中有一个激活的链接，点击它就可以将你的帐户激活。如下图所示：

这个功能是怎么做到的呢，其实实现也是很简单的，说白了就是一个Update操作。

实现思路：当一个用户注册成功之后，系统向用户注册时提供的email地址发送一封邮件，邮件的内容是一个激活帐户的链接和一段简短的文字描述，这个链接的功能就是将这个帐户的状态修改成激活状态。这个功能的重点在于如何生成这个激活帐户的链接。直接可以联想到的方法就是建一个Servlet，Servlet接收一个用户名参数，Servlet拿到用户名参数之后，到数据库把这条记录load出来，做一次update操作即可。但是这样做会有风险，比如有人想在你的网站上搞破坏，注册时他填的email地址就是乱填的，这个Email地址可能根据就收不到邮件（但符合email格式），注册完成之后，然后在浏览器地址栏输入网站之前发送的帐户激活链接，并加上新注册的用户名参数，这样一来就跳过了去邮箱激活的步聚，时间久了，库中可能会留下许多无效的email地址和帐户。为了避免这个问题，解决方案是在用户注册成功之后，在发送激活帐户的链接中加一个随机码，这个随机码是将用户名和一个随机数用md5加密后的一串16进制字符串，每次用户在激活帐户的时候，都验证这个随机码是否和注册时发送的一致，这样就可以避免人为的修改激活链接达到帐户激活的功能。

二、忘记密码

 

          当你在某网站注册一个帐户之后，发现这个帐户很久没用了，密码也忘记了，如果还记得之前注册时填写的Email，那就可以向你的email中发一个重设密码的链接，就可以重新设置你的密码。大部份网站一般都提供了根据Email找回密码的功能。实现此功能的思路：在登录界面添加一个“忘记密码“的链接，用户点击进去之后，输入用户名或Email，系统根据用户名或Email找出用户信息，并生成一个重新设置密码的链接发送到用户的邮箱中（生成链接的方式和生成帐户激活链接的方式一样），用户在邮箱中点击重设密码的链接，根据提示进入密码重设页面，重新输入新的密码即可。

功能实现步聚（帐号激活）：

1、用户注册页面

 

<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/register" method="post">
    用户名：<input type="text" name="userName" value="${param.userName}"><span class="error">${errors.userName}</span><br/>
    密码：<input type="password" name="password" ><span class="error">${errors.password}</span><br/>
    确认密码：<input type="password" name="password2"><span class="error">${errors.password2}</span><br/>
    email：<input type="text" name="email" value="${param.email}"><span class="error">${errors.email}</span><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>

 

2、处理注册请求的Servlet（RegisterServlet）

 

package org.study.accountactivate.web.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.study.accountactivate.dao.UserDao;
import org.study.accountactivate.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
import org.study.accountactivate.domail.User;
import org.study.accountactivate.util.EmailUtils;

/**
 * 用户注册
 */
public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private UserDao userDao = UserDaoImpl.getInstance();

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String userName = request.getParameter("userName");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        String password2 = request.getParameter("password2");
        String email = request.getParameter("email");

        Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<String,String>();
        if (userName == null || "".equals(userName)) {
            errors.put("userName", "用户名不能为空!");
        } else if (userName != null && userDao.findUserByName(userName) != null) {
            errors.put("userName", "该用户已注册!");
        }

        if (password == null || "".equals(password)) {
            errors.put("password","密码不能为空!");
        } else if (password != null && password.length() < 3) {
            errors.put("password","密码长度不能低于3位!");
        }

        if (password2 == null || "".equals(password2)) {
            errors.put("password2", "确认密码不能为空!");
        } else if (password2 != null && !password2.equals(password)) {
            errors.put("password2", "两次输入的密码不一致!");
        }

        if (email == null || "".equals(email)) {
            errors.put("email", "email不能为空!");

        } else if (email != null && !email.matches("[0-9a-zA-Z_-]+@[0-9a-zA-Z_-]+\\.[0-9a-zA-Z_-]+(\\.[0-9a-zA-Z_-])*")) {
            errors.put("email", "email格式不正确!");
        }

        if (!errors.isEmpty()) {
            request.setAttribute("errors", errors);
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/registerUI").forward(request, response);
            return;
        }

        User user = new User();
        user.setUserName(userName);
        user.setPassword(password);
        user.setEmail(email);
        user.setActivated(false);

        userDao.addUser(user);

        // 注册成功后,发送帐户激活链接
        EmailUtils.sendAccountActivateEmail(user);

        // 注册成功直接将当前用户保存到session中
        request.getSession().setAttribute("user", user);
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/pages/registerSuccess.jsp").forward(request,response);
    }
}

 

 

3、激活帐户的Servlet（ActivateAccountServle）

 

package org.study.accountactivate.web.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.study.accountactivate.dao.UserDao;
import org.study.accountactivate.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
import org.study.accountactivate.domail.User;
import org.study.accountactivate.util.GenerateLinkUtils;

/**
 * 帐户激活
 */
public class ActivateAccountServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String idValue = request.getParameter("id");
        int id = -1;
        try {
            id = Integer.parseInt(idValue);
        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("无效的用户！");
        }
        UserDao userDao = UserDaoImpl.getInstance();
        User user = userDao.findUserById(id);// 得到要激活的帐户
        user.setActivated(GenerateLinkUtils.verifyCheckcode(user, request));// 校验验证码是否和注册时发送的一致，以此设置是否激活该帐户
        userDao.updateUser(user);

        request.getSession().setAttribute("user", user);

        request.getRequestDispatcher("/accountActivateUI").forward(request, response);
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

4、操作用户的DAO接口与实现类（UserDao和UserDaoImpl类）

 

package org.study.accountactivate.dao;

import org.study.accountactivate.domail.User;

public interface UserDao {

    void addUser(User user);

    void updateUser(User user);

    User findUserById(int id);

    User findUserByName(String userName);

    User findUserByNameOrEmail(String nameOrEmail);
}

package org.study.accountactivate.dao.impl;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;

import org.study.accountactivate.dao.UserDao;
import org.study.accountactivate.domail.User;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {

    private static UserDaoImpl instance = new UserDaoImpl();

    private UserDaoImpl() {}

    public static UserDaoImpl getInstance() {
        return instance;
    }

    Map<Integer,User> users = new HashMap<Integer, User>();

    int nextId = 1;

    @Override
    public void addUser(User user) {
        user.setId(nextId++);
        user.setRandomCode(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        users.put(user.getId(), user);
    }

    @Override
    public void updateUser(User user) {
        users.put(user.getId(), user);
    }

    @Override
    public User findUserById(int id) {
        return users.get(id);
    }

    @Override
    public User findUserByName(String userName) {
        Collection<User> userValues = users.values();
        for (Iterator<User> iterator = userValues.iterator();iterator.hasNext();) {
            User user = iterator.next();
            if (user.getUserName().equals(userName)) {
                return user;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public User findUserByNameOrEmail(String nameOrEmail) {
        Collection<User> userValues = users.values();
        for(Iterator<User> iterator = userValues.iterator();iterator.hasNext();) {
            User user = iterator.next();
            if (user.getEmail().equals(nameOrEmail) || user.getUserName().equals(nameOrEmail)) {
                return user;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
}

5、发送Email的工具类（EmailUtils，用于发送帐户激活链接和密码重置链接）

 

 

package org.study.accountactivate.util;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.mail.Authenticator;
import javax.mail.Message.RecipientType;
import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;

import org.study.accountactivate.domail.User;

public class EmailUtils {

    private static final String FROM = "[email protected]";

    /**
     * 注册成功后,向用户发送帐户激活链接的邮件
     * @param user 未激活的用户
     */
    public static void sendAccountActivateEmail(User user) {
        Session session = getSession();
        MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
        try {
            message.setSubject("帐户激活邮件");
            message.setSentDate(new Date());
            message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(FROM));
            message.setRecipient(RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(user.getEmail()));
            message.setContent("<a href='" + GenerateLinkUtils.generateActivateLink(user)+"'>点击激活帐户</a>","text/html;charset=utf-8");
            // 发送邮件
            Transport.send(message);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 发送重设密码链接的邮件
     */
    public static void sendResetPasswordEmail(User user) {
        Session session = getSession();
        MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
        try {
            message.setSubject("找回您的帐户与密码");
            message.setSentDate(new Date());
            message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(FROM));
            message.setRecipient(RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(user.getEmail()));
            message.setContent("要使用新的密码, 请使用以下链接启用密码:<br/><a href='" + GenerateLinkUtils.generateResetPwdLink(user) +"'>点击重新设置密码</a>","text/html;charset=utf-8");
            // 发送邮件
            Transport.send(message);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static Session getSession() {
        Properties props = new Properties();
        props.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");
        props.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.163.com");
        props.setProperty("mail.smtp.port", "25");
        props.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
        Session session = Session.getInstance(props, new Authenticator() {
            @Override
            protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                String password = null;
                InputStream is = EmailUtils.class.getResourceAsStream("password.dat");
                byte[] b = new byte[1024];
                try {
                    int len = is.read(b);
                    password = new String(b,0,len);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                return new PasswordAuthentication(FROM, password);
            }

        });
        return session;
    }
}

 

6、生成帐户激活、密码重设链接的工具类（GenerateLinkUtils）

package org.study.accountactivate.util;

import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;

import org.study.accountactivate.domail.User;

/**
 * 生成帐户激活、重新设置密码的链接
 */
public class GenerateLinkUtils {

    private static final String CHECK_CODE = "checkCode";

    /**
     * 生成帐户激活链接
     */
    public static String generateActivateLink(User user) {
        return "http://localhost:8080/AccountActivate/activateAccount?id="
                + user.getId() + "&" + CHECK_CODE + "=" + generateCheckcode(user);
    }

    /**
     * 生成重设密码的链接
     */
    public static String generateResetPwdLink(User user) {
        return "http://localhost:8080/AccountActivate/resetPasswordUI?userName="
                + user.getUserName() + "&" + CHECK_CODE + "=" + generateCheckcode(user);
    }

    /**
     * 生成验证帐户的MD5校验码
     * @param user  要激活的帐户
     * @return 将用户名和密码组合后，通过md5加密后的16进制格式的字符串
     */
    public static String generateCheckcode(User user) {
        String userName = user.getUserName();
        String randomCode = user.getRandomCode();
        return md5(userName + ":" + randomCode);
    }

    /**
     * 验证校验码是否和注册时发送的验证码一致
     * @param user 要激活的帐户
     * @param checkcode 注册时发送的校验码
     * @return 如果一致返回true，否则返回false
     */
    public static boolean verifyCheckcode(User user,ServletRequest request) {
        String checkCode = request.getParameter(CHECK_CODE);
        return generateCheckcode(user).equals(checkCode);
    }

    private static String md5(String string) {
        MessageDigest md = null;
        try {
            md = MessageDigest.getInstance("md5");
            md.update(string.getBytes());
            byte[] md5Bytes = md.digest();
            return bytes2Hex(md5Bytes);
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return null;
    }

    private static String bytes2Hex(byte[] byteArray)
    {
        StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < byteArray.length; i++)
        {
            if(byteArray[i] >= 0 && byteArray[i] < 16)
            {
                strBuf.append("0");
            }
            strBuf.append(Integer.toHexString(byteArray[i] & 0xFF));
        }
        return strBuf.toString();
    }
}

7、实体类（User）

 

package org.study.accountactivate.domail;

public class User {
    // 编号
    private int id;
    // 用户名
    private String userName;
    // 密码
    private String password;
    // email
    private String email;
    // 是否激活
    private boolean activated;
    // 随机码(激活帐户与生成重设密码链接时使用)
    private String randomCode;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }
    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    public boolean isActivated() {
        return activated;
    }
    public void setActivated(boolean activated) {
        this.activated = activated;
    }
    public String getRandomCode() {
        return randomCode;
    }
    public void setRandomCode(String randomCode) {
        this.randomCode = randomCode;
    }
    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }
    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

}

 

功能实现步骤（忘记密码）：

1、登录页面

 

<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="post">
    <span class="error" style="display: block;">${errors.loginError}</span>
    用户名：<input type="text" name="userName" value="${param.userName}"><span class="error">${errors.userName}</span><br/>
    密码：<input type="password" name="password"><span class="error">${errors.password}</span><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="登录">
    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/forgotPwdUI">忘记密码？</a>
    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/registerUI">注册</a>
</form>

 

2、发送重设密码申请的页面

 

<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/forgotPwd" method="post">
    <span style="color: red">${requestScope.sendMailMsg}</span>
    用户名/邮箱：<input type="text" name="userNameOrEmail" /><span style="color: red">${requestScope.errorMsg}</span><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交" /><a href=""></a>
</form>

 

3、处理“发送重设密码链接“请求的Servlet（ForgotPwdServlet）

 

package org.study.accountactivate.web.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.study.accountactivate.dao.UserDao;
import org.study.accountactivate.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
import org.study.accountactivate.domail.User;
import org.study.accountactivate.util.EmailUtils;

/**
 * 发送重设密码申请的链接
 */
public class ForgotPwdServlet extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String userNameOrEmail = request.getParameter("userNameOrEmail");
        UserDao userDao = UserDaoImpl.getInstance();
        User user = userDao.findUserByNameOrEmail(userNameOrEmail);
        if (user == null) {
            request.setAttribute("errorMsg", userNameOrEmail + "，不存在！");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/forgotPwdUI").forward(request, response);
            return;
        }

        // 发送重新设置密码的链接
        EmailUtils.sendResetPasswordEmail(user);

        request.setAttribute("sendMailMsg", "您的申请已提交成功，请查看您的"+user.getEmail()+"邮箱。");

        request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/pages/forgotPwdSuccess.jsp").forward(request, response);
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

4、重新设置密码的页面

 

<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/resetPassword" method="post">
    <span class="error" style="display: block;">${errors.passwordError}</span>
    用户名：<input type="text" name="userName" value="${userName}" readonly="readonly"/><br/>
    新密码：<input type="password" name="newPassword" /><span class="error">${errors.newPassword }</span><br/>
    确认新密码：<input type="password" name="newPassword2"/><span class="error">${errors.newPassword2 }</span><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="修改" />
</form>

5、处理重新设置密码请求的Servlet（ResetPasswordServlet）

package org.study.accountactivate.web.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.study.accountactivate.dao.UserDao;
import org.study.accountactivate.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
import org.study.accountactivate.domail.User;

/**
 * 重新设置密码
 */
public class ResetPasswordServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String userName = request.getParameter("userName");
        String newPassword = request.getParameter("newPassword");
        String newPassword2 = request.getParameter("newPassword2");
        Map<String,String> errors = new HashMap<String, String>();
        if (newPassword == null || "".equals(newPassword)) {
            errors.put("newPassword", "新密码不能为空！");
        }

        if (newPassword2 == null || "".equals(newPassword2)) {
            errors.put("newPassword2", "确认新密码不能为空！");
        }

        if (!newPassword.equals(newPassword2)) {
            errors.put("passwordError", "两次输入的密码不一致！");
        }

        if (!errors.isEmpty()) {
            request.setAttribute("errors", errors);
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/resetPasswordUI?userName=" + userName).forward(request, response);
            return;
        }

        UserDao userDao = UserDaoImpl.getInstance();
        User user = userDao.findUserByName(userName);
        user.setPassword(newPassword);

        request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/pages/resetPasswordSuccess.jsp").forward(request, response);

    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}
 帐户激活操作流程： 1）、注册页面    2）、注册成功页面   3）、帐户未激活，登录后的界面  4）、前往邮箱中激活帐户  5）、激活成功  6）、帐户已激活，登录后的界面    忘记密码操作流程： 1）、登录页面（点击“忘记密码”链接，进入重设密码页面）  2、重设密码申请页面（输入用户名或邮箱，点击“提交”按钮）  3、重设密码申请成功页面  4、邮箱中重设密码的链接  5、重新设置密码页面  6、密码重新设置成功页面