spring3.0.5与hibernate3.6(JPA)的基成详细说明

一 前言     最近在做个项目,JPA使用了hibernate3.6.后来觉得JPA单独使用不是很给力,于是就想到了和spring集成.刚开始,我是用spring2.5.6和hibernate3.6集成的,屡次不成功.后来研究发现,hibernate3.6的JPA是2.0的.狂晕.下面是spring3.0.5(支持JPA2.0)和hibernate3.6集成,其中源代码在附件里， 只有spring3.0.5的官方标准包，需要大家自己下载了,然后天家到WEB-INF/lib下，因为附件大小限制在了10M,所以除spring3.0.5官方包外其他所有的包以及数据库的SQL语句，都在本例中，若有需要，可以留言.

二 实验环境及公共环境配置
1.准备工具
eclipse3.6.1_javaee
jdk1.6.0.23
tomcat6.0.30
mysql5.1.54

包
1)mysql
mysql-connector-java-5.1.14-bin.jar

2)log4j
log4j-1.2.16.jar

3)spring3.0.5
org.springframework.aop-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.asm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.aspects-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.beans-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.context-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.context.support-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.expression-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.instrument-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.instrument.tomcat-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.jdbc-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.jms-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.orm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.oxm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.spring-library-3.0.5.RELEASE.libd
org.springframework.test-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.transaction-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.web-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.web.portlet-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.web.servlet-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.web.struts-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
自己下载的spring相关包,AOP时候用的
aopalliance.jar
aspectjrt.jar
aspectjweaver.jar
cglib-nodep-2.2.jar
commons-logging-1.1.1.jar

4)hibernate
antlr-2.7.6.jar
commons-collections-3.2.1.jar
dom4j-1.6.1.jar
hibernate-jpa-2.0-api-1.0.0.Final.jar
hibernate3.jar
javassist.jar
jta-1.1.jar
slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar
slf4j-log4j12-1.6.1.jar

2.数据源我们要先设置个tomcat数据源
文件位置:WebContent/META-INF/context.xml

 <? xml     version  = "1.0"    encoding  = "UTF-8"  ?>
 < Context >
 < Resource
      name  = "jdbc/test"
      type  = "javax.sql.DataSource"
      username  = "root"
      password  = "147258369"
      driverClassName  = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
      url  = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.l:3306/test?autoReconnect=true"
      initialSize  = "1"
      maxActive  = "5"
      minIdle  = "1"
      maxIdle  = "5"
      validationQuery  = "select count(*) from dual"
      testOnBorrow  = "true"
      testOnReturnw  = "true"
      testWhileIdlew  = "true"
      minEvictableIdleTimeMillis  = "1800000"
      timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis  = "300000"
      maxWait  = "1000"
      removeAbandoned  = "true"
      removeAbandonedTimeout  = "180"
 />
 </ Context >

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Context>
<Resource 
	name="jdbc/test" 
	type="javax.sql.DataSource" 
	username="root" 
	password="147258369" 
	driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" 
	url="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.l:3306/test?autoReconnect=true" 
	initialSize="1" 
	maxActive="5" 
	minIdle="1" 
	maxIdle="5" 
	validationQuery="select count(*) from dual" 
	testOnBorrow="true" 
	testOnReturnw="true" 
	testWhileIdlew="true" 
	minEvictableIdleTimeMillis="1800000" 
	timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis="300000" 
	maxWait="1000" 
	removeAbandoned="true"
	removeAbandonedTimeout="180"
/>
</Context>

3.log4j配置
文件位置:src/log4j.properties
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,appender1
# org.springframework包下面所有的日志输出的级别设为DEBUG
log4j.logger.org.springframework=INFO
# 控制台输出
log4j.appender.appender1=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.appender1.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.appender1.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS}[%p]: %m%n
# 立即输出
log4j.appender.appender1.immediateFlush=true

三 搭建hibernate3.6(JPA)环境
利用MySQL5.1.54的test库，前提是test库的编码要是UTF8
test有3个字段
id,name,age

src/META-INF/persistence.xml

 <? xml     version  = "1.0"    encoding  = "UTF-8"  ?>
 < persistence     version  = "2.0"    xmlns  = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"    xmlns:xsi  = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation  = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"  >
      < persistence-unit     name  = "sh"    transaction-type  = "RESOURCE_LOCAL"  >
          < provider >   org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence </ provider >
          < non-jta-data-source >   java:comp/env/jdbc/test </ non-jta-data-source >
          < class >   com.phl.entity.User </ class >
          < properties >
              < property     name  = "hibernate.dialect"    value  = "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect"    />
              < property     name  = "hibernate.connection.autocommit"    value  = "true"    />
          </ properties >
      </ persistence-unit >
 </ persistence >

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence version="2.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd">
	<persistence-unit name="sh" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
		<provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
		<non-jta-data-source>java:comp/env/jdbc/test</non-jta-data-source>
		<class>com.phl.entity.User</class>
		<properties>
			<property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
			<property name="hibernate.connection.autocommit" value="true" />
		</properties>
	</persistence-unit>
</persistence>

四 搭建spring3.0.5环境
1.web.xml

 <? xml     version  = "1.0"    encoding  = "UTF-8"  ?>
 < web-app     xmlns:xsi  = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns  = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"    xmlns:web  = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"    xsi:schemaLocation  = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"    id  = "WebApp_ID"    version  = "2.5"  >
      < display-name >   sh </ display-name >
      < welcome-file-list >
          < welcome-file >   index.html </ welcome-file >
          < welcome-file >   index.htm </ welcome-file >
          < welcome-file >   index.jsp </ welcome-file >
          < welcome-file >   default.html </ welcome-file >
          < welcome-file >   default.htm </ welcome-file >
          < welcome-file >   default.jsp </ welcome-file >
      </ welcome-file-list >
      <!-- log4j 必须要在最前面 -->
      < context-param >
          < param-name >   log4jConfigLocation </ param-name >
          < param-value >   classpath:log4j.properties </ param-value >
      </ context-param >
      < context-param >
          < param-name >   log4jRefreshInterval </ param-name >
          < param-value >   60000 </ param-value >
      </ context-param >
      < listener >
          < listener-class >   org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener </ listener-class >
      </ listener >
      < context-param >
          < param-name >   webAppRootKey </ param-name >
          < param-value >   webApp.root </ param-value >
      </ context-param >
      <!-- Spring初始化 -->
      < context-param >
          < param-name >   contextConfigLocation </ param-name >
          < param-value >   /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml </ param-value >
      </ context-param >
      < listener >
          < listener-class >   org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener </ listener-class >
      </ listener >
 </ web-app >

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
	<display-name>sh</display-name>
	<welcome-file-list>
		<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
		<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
		<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
		<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
		<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
		<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
	</welcome-file-list>
	<!-- log4j 必须要在最前面 -->
	<context-param>
		<param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value>
	</context-param>
	<context-param>
		<param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name>
		<param-value>60000</param-value>
	</context-param>
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>
	</listener>
	<context-param>
		<param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name>
		<param-value>webApp.root</param-value>
	</context-param>
	<!-- Spring初始化 -->
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
	</context-param>
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>
</web-app>

2.applicationContext.xml

 <? xml     version  = "1.0"    encoding  = "UTF-8"  ?>
 < beans     xmlns  = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi  = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context  = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop  = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xmlns:tx  = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
      xsi:schemaLocation  ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd" >
      < bean     id  = "user"    class  = "com.phl.entity.manager.UserImpl"    />
 </ beans >

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop  
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd">
	<bean id="user" class="com.phl.entity.manager.UserImpl" />
</beans>

五 搭建hibernate3.6与spring3.0.5集成环境
1.applicationContext.xml

 <? xml     version  = "1.0"    encoding  = "UTF-8"  ?>
 < beans     xmlns  = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi  = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context  = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop  = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xmlns:tx  = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
      xsi:schemaLocation  ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd" >
      < bean     id  = "user"    class  = "com.phl.entity.manager.UserImpl"    />
      < bean     id  = "myEmf"    class  = "org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"  >
          <!-- 此种方式不推荐，对jpa的侵入性太强，除非数据库连接池也在spring中配置 <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> -->
          < property     name  = "persistenceUnitName"    value  = "sh"    />
      </ bean >
      <!-- 自动装载EntityManager -->
      < context:annotation-config     />
      <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
      < bean     id  = "myTxManager"    class  = "org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"  >
          < property     name  = "entityManagerFactory"    ref  = "myEmf"    />
      </ bean >
      <!-- 配置切面 -->
      < aop:config >
          < aop:pointcut     expression  = "execution(* com.phl.entity.manager.*.*(..))"    id  = "myTx1"  />
          < aop:advisor     advice-ref  = "txAdvice"    pointcut-ref  = "myTx1"  />
      </ aop:config >
      <!-- 配制具体方法及事务参数 -->
      < tx:advice     id  = "txAdvice"    transaction-manager  = "myTxManager"  >
          < tx:attributes >
              < tx:method     name  = "*"    propagation  = "REQUIRED"    />
          </ tx:attributes >
      </ tx:advice >
 <!--
 事务传播行为类型

 REQUIRED
  如果当前没有事务，就新建一个事务，如果已经存在一个事务中，加入到这个事务中。这是最常见的选择。

 SUPPORTS
  支持当前事务，如果当前没有事务，就以非事务方式执行。

 MANDATORY
  使用当前的事务，如果当前没有事务，就抛出异常。

 REQUIRES_NEW
  新建事务，如果当前存在事务，把当前事务挂起。

 NOT_SUPPORTED
  以非事务方式执行操作，如果当前存在事务，就把当前事务挂起。

 NEVER
  以非事务方式执行，如果当前存在事务，则抛出异常。

 NESTED
  如果当前存在事务，则在嵌套事务内执行。如果当前没有事务，则执行与PROPAGATION_REQUIRED类似的操作。
 -- >
 </ beans >

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop  
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd">
	<bean id="user" class="com.phl.entity.manager.UserImpl" />
	<bean id="myEmf" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
		<!-- 此种方式不推荐，对jpa的侵入性太强，除非数据库连接池也在spring中配置 <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> -->
		<property name="persistenceUnitName" value="sh" />
	</bean>
	<!-- 自动装载EntityManager -->
	<context:annotation-config />
	<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
	<bean id="myTxManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
		<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="myEmf" />
	</bean>
	<!-- 配置切面 -->
	<aop:config>
		<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.phl.entity.manager.*.*(..))" id="myTx1"/>
		<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="myTx1"/>
	</aop:config>
	<!-- 配制具体方法及事务参数 -->
	<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="myTxManager">
		<tx:attributes>
			<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
		</tx:attributes>
	</tx:advice>
<!-- 
事务传播行为类型

REQUIRED
 如果当前没有事务，就新建一个事务，如果已经存在一个事务中，加入到这个事务中。这是最常见的选择。
 
SUPPORTS
 支持当前事务，如果当前没有事务，就以非事务方式执行。
 
MANDATORY
 使用当前的事务，如果当前没有事务，就抛出异常。
 
REQUIRES_NEW
 新建事务，如果当前存在事务，把当前事务挂起。
 
NOT_SUPPORTED
 以非事务方式执行操作，如果当前存在事务，就把当前事务挂起。
 
NEVER
 以非事务方式执行，如果当前存在事务，则抛出异常。
 
NESTED
 如果当前存在事务，则在嵌套事务内执行。如果当前没有事务，则执行与PROPAGATION_REQUIRED类似的操作。
-->
</beans>

六 总结
集成的过程看着很乱，其实很简单，初始化环境是首先要配置好log4j和tomcat数据源,如果没有特殊要求，我们一般配在工程下面context,而不是tomcat的全局数据源
1。首先可以独立使用hibernate3.6
2。可以独立使用spring3.0.5
3。可以由spring管理hibernate3.6的EntityManager:好处是不用关闭EntityManager
4。可以由spring来管理事务:好处是不用每提提交事务,由spring帮助完成提交
最后祝大家开发愉快，如果有任何问题，都可以留言,我会第一时间给大家解答.本文也并不是什么高端的文章，只是给自己当个笔记记录下来.如有不当之处,请各位同仁理解.