单实例到RAC 数据库迁移方案之DG方式迁移
一：环境信息
1)主库（单实例）
主机平台：AIX6.1
数据库版本：11.2.0.3（psu5）
2)备库（部署了crs）
主机平台：AIX6.1
数据库版本：11.2.0.3（psu5）
二：方案背景
由于业务量增加，数据库需要由单实例，改成两节点rac。为了减少停机时间，采用DG方式迁移。
三迁移方案：
1.检查数据库是否支持Data Guard（只有企业版才支持DG）
SQL> select * from v$option where parameter = 'Managed Standby';
PARAMETER VALUE
---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
Managed Standby TRUE
2.修改主库为归档模式及force logging状态
1）
SQL> alter database force logging;
Database altered.
2）
SQL> archive log list;
如果未开归档，开启归档模式
alter system setlog_archive_dest_2='location=/archlog/egap';
alter system setlog_archive_format='egap_%t_%s_%r.arch'scope=spfile; --静态参数，重启后生效
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
archive log list;
3.创建备库pfile文件
在主库上创建pfile，修改，并添加DG备库所有参数，然后传至备库
SQL> create pfile='/data01/pfileegap'from spfile;
1）备库需要添加的参数
DB_UNIQUE_NAME;LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1;FAL_SERVER;FAL_CLIENT; STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO;DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT;LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT
2）根据pfile中涉及到路径需要提前在备库主机上建好（如果主备库路径不一致要修改）
如主库*.audit_file_dest='/apps/Oracle/admin/egap/adump'
我们在备库需要建 mkdir -p /apps/oracle/admin/egap/adump
cd /apps/oracle/admin
chown -R oracle:oinstall egap
chmod -R 775 egap
改变前参数文件
*.__db_cache_size=27648851968
*.__java_pool_size=67108864
*.__large_pool_size=67108864
*.__oracle_base='/apps/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE setfrom environment
*.__pga_aggregate_target=10334765056
*.__sga_target=30937186304
*.__shared_io_pool_size=0
*.__shared_pool_size=2952790016
*.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/apps/oracle/admin/egap/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/data01/egap/control01.ctl','/data01/egap/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='egap'
*.diagnostic_dest='/apps/oracle'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/archlog/egap'
*.log_archive_format='egap_%t_%s_%r.arch'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=10307502080
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=30922506240
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
改变后参数文件
*.__db_cache_size=27648851968
*.__java_pool_size=67108864
*.__large_pool_size=67108864
*.__oracle_base='/apps/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE setfrom environment
*.__pga_aggregate_target=10334765056
*.__sga_target=30937186304
*.__shared_io_pool_size=0
*.__shared_pool_size=2952790016
*.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/apps/oracle/admin/egapdb/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/data01/egapdb/control01.ctl','/data01/egapdb/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='egap'
*.diagnostic_dest='/apps/oracle'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/archlog/egapdb1'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=primary LGWR ASYNC
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=egap'
*.log_archive_format='egapdb_%t_%s_%r.arch'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=10307502080
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=30922506240
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME=egapdb
*.FAL_SERVER=primary
*.FAL_CLIENT=standby1
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/data01/egap','/data01/egapdb'
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/data01/egap','/data01/egapdb'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(egap,egapdb)'
###注意db_file_name_convert和log_file_name_convert参数指定的路径要存在
4）根据修改后的pfile创建备库spfile
export ORACLE_SID=egapdb1
sqlplus / assysdba
create spfile from pfile;
--使用新生成的spfile检查是否能够成功启动实例
4.生成备库的密码文件
scp主库密码文件到备库，并改名
如果主库没有密码文件，需要新建
orapwd file=/oracle/app/oracle/product/v11.2.0.3/db_1/dbs/orapwegap password=oracle entries=5ignorecase=y
--主库密码文件传到备库以后要重启备库
5.配置主备库监听及net服务
1）listener
--主库
一般建库后都会配置监听我们无需再配置
--备库（因为安装了cluster，所以用的是cluster的监听）
lsnrctl status 查看监听文件位置，并在监听文件中加入如下类容
LISTENER_SCAN3=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN3)))) # line added by Agent
LISTENER_SCAN2=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN2)))) # line added by Agent
#LISTENER=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER)))) # line added by Agent
LISTENER_SCAN1=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN1)))) # line added by Agent
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER_SCAN1=ON # line added by Agent
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER=ON # line added by Agent
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER_SCAN2=ON # line added by Agent
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER_SCAN3=ON # line added by Agent
--注意集群安装完毕以后，上面部分内容在监听中已经存在
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /apps/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(ORACLE_HOME = /apps/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1)
(SID_NAME = egapdb1)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.96.1)(PORT = 1521)(IP = FIRST))
)
)
2）tns
主备库tnsnames.ora文件中加入如下部分
primary =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.96.16)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SID = egap)
)
)
standby1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.96.1)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SID = egapdb1)
)
)
standby2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.96.2)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SID = egapdb2)
)
)
--DG搭建后要主备切换并添加实例
6. 测试网络连接
1）查看监听状态是否正常
lsnrctl status
2) 测试连接串是否能正常连接到指定数据库
tnsping egap
tnsping egapdb1
tnsping egapdb2
sqlplus sys/oracle@egap assysdba
sqlplus sys/oracle@egapdb1 assysdba
sqlplus sys/oracle@egapdb2 assysdba
7. 复制备库
有两种1:rman在线复制 2:rman备份异机恢复
方法1：rman在线复制（不需要备份主库）
此种方式仅适用于ORACLE 11G，可以自动备份datafile,control等文件到备库，在复制过程主库仍可正常运行，但复制过程时间较长，会占用一定的网络资源。
1）将备库启动到nomount状态
export ORACLE_SID=egapdb1
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup nomount;
2)在备库上执行如下命令
rman target sys/oracle@primary auxiliary sys/oracle@standby1 nocatalog
duplicate target database forstandby from active database nofilenamecheck;
--如果主备库文件路径不变，要加nofilenamecheck。登陆时加nocatalog否则会报如下错误：
PLS-00201: identifier 'DBMS_RCVCAT.GETDBID'must be declared