sqlserver触发器

为实现这个目的,先介绍一下在SQL SERVER中,如何对视图进行增删改。假使用户有Name,Remark两项信息,但是没有存放在同一张表中,而是分开存储在两个表UserBase(ID, Name),UserExtent(ID, Remark)中。

sqlserver触发器

为使用方便,建立一个视图Users,用于表示用户的完整信息,其定义如下:

CREATE VIEW [dbo].[Users]
as
SELECT b.ID as ID, b.Name as Name, e.Remark as Remark 
FROM UserBase b, UserExtent e 
WHERE b.ID = e.ID;

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现在,我们希望通过Users视图进行增删改实现对UserBase,UserExtent表进行修改。显然,如果对Users直接执行insert,update,delete是不可能的,执行时会发生以下错误:

在SQL Server中,对视图增删改可以通过触发器来实现,例如我们可以创建一个INSERT触发器,当在视图Users上执行INSERT时,在触发器中实现对UserBase,UserExtent的INSERT操作。在触发器中,可以通过名称为inserted的表,获取到新插入的行,具体代码如下:

CREATE TRIGGER [dbo].[Users_Insert] ON [dbo].[Users] INSTEAD OF INSERT
as
declare @name nvarchar(32), @remark nvarchar(32)
declare ins_cursor cursor
for
select Name, Remark from inserted
open ins_cursor
fetch next from ins_cursor into @name, @remark;
while(@@fetch_status = 0)
begin
    --读取所有行,并插入
    insert into UserBase (Name) values (@name);
    insert into UserExtent(ID, Remark) values (@@identity, @remark);
    fetch next from ins_cursor into @name, @remark;
end
close ins_cursor

下面我们通过插入两行数据测试触发器:

--清空所有数据
delete from UserExtent;
delete from UserBase;
create table #temp(
    name nvarchar(32),
    remark nvarchar(32)
)
insert #temp (name,remark) values (N'user1', N'1');
insert #temp (name,remark) values (N'user2', N'2');
--插入两行数据
insert Users(name, remark)
select name,remark from #temp
drop table #temp
select * from Users;
select * from UserBase;
select * from UserExtent;

执行结果如下:

sqlserver触发器

创建更新触发器,与INSERT触发器类似,受影响的行会保存在inserted中,可以从inserted表中获取受影响的行,并更新UserBase,UserExtent,具体代码如下:

CREATE TRIGGER [dbo].[Users_Update] ON [dbo].[Users] INSTEAD OF UPDATE
as
update UserExtent
set UserExtent.Remark=ins.Remark
from inserted ins
where UserExtent.ID = ins.ID;
update UserBase
set UserBase.Name=ins.Name
from inserted ins
where UserBase.ID = ins.ID;

测试代码:

--清空所有数据
delete from UserExtent;
delete from UserBase;
--插入两行数据
insert Users (name,remark) values (N'user1', N'1');
insert Users (name,remark) values (N'user2', N'2');
insert Users (name,remark) values (N'user3', N'2');
--修改后两行数据
UPDATE Users set Remark = N'3' where Remark = N'2'
--输出数据
select * from Users;
select * from UserBase;
select * from UserExtent;

.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

测试结果:

sqlserver触发器

创建删除触发器,在删除的触发器中,可以通过deleted表,获取被删除的行,具体代码如下:

CREATE TRIGGER [dbo].[Users_Delete] ON [dbo].[Users] INSTEAD OF DELETE
as
delete from UserExtent where ID in (select ID from deleted)
delete from UserBase where ID in (select ID from deleted)

测试代码:

--清空所有数据
delete from UserExtent;
delete from UserBase;
--插入两行数据
insert Users (name,remark) values (N'user1', N'1');
insert Users (name,remark) values (N'user2', N'2');
insert Users (name,remark) values (N'user3', N'2');
--删除后两行数据
delete from Users where Remark = N'2'
--输出数据
select * from Users;
select * from UserBase;
select * from UserExtent;

.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

运行结果:

sqlserver触发器

上文已介绍了如何对视图进行增删改,接下来将介绍如何通过建立视图并添加增删改触发器实现Lesktop开源IM用户系统的整合。首先介绍一下Lesktop开源IM数据库中Users表的结构:

sqlserver触发器

假使您的网站的用户表(假使名称为MyUserTable)只有Name,Nickname:

那么,您可以建立一张扩展表(假使名称为UserExtentIM),用于存储其他信息:

sqlserver触发器

接下来,您只需要把Users表删掉,重新建立一个名称为Users的视图,然后用上文处理Users,UserBase,UserExtent的方法,在Users视图上建好触发器,在触发器中对MyUserTable,UserExtentIM表进行增删改即可,Lesktop的存储过程对User进行读取和增删改时,将通过触发器自动转换成对MyUserTable,UserExtentIM的操作,因此不需要修改任何存储过程和源代码,当然也不会对你原有的数据库造成影响。

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