apache tomcat集群 负载均衡 session同步
一、环境搭建：
* 准备机器两台：192.168.0.2、192.168.0.3
* 下载apache2.2.9,地址：http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi ，安装在192.168.0.2的D:\Apache
* 下载apache-tomcat-5.5.26.zip,地址：http://tomcat.apache.org/download-55.cgi ，分别解压到192.168.0.2、192.168.0.3的D:\Tomcat5.5
* 下载mod_jk，在这里找：http://tomcat.apache.org/download-connectors.cgi ，或者直接下载：http://dev.xiaonei.com/apache-mirror/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/jk/binaries/win32/jk-1.2.26/mod_jk-1.2.26-httpd-2.2.4.so ，拷贝到D:\Apache\modules改名为：mod_jk
二、集群，负载配置：
* 修改D:\Apache\conf\httpd.conf，
修改前：
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80 Listen 80 # # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
修改后：
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80 #Listen 80 Listen 192.168.0.2:80 #引入配置文件 Include conf/http-vhosts.conf Include conf/mod_jk.conf # add compress start LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so # add compress end # # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
* 在conf下面新建http-vhosts.conf内容如下：
NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot "e:/site/apache/www.yoursite.com" ServerName yoursite.com ServerAlias www.yoursite.com ErrorLog "logs/www.yoursite.com-error.log" CustomLog "logs/www.yoursite.com-access.log" common # add compress start <Location "/"> SetOutputFilter DEFLATE BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4 gzip-only-text/html BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4\.0[678] no-gzip BrowserMatch \bMSIE !no-gzip !gzip-only-text/html SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI \.(?:gif|jpe?g|png)$ no-gzip dont-vary Header append Vary User-Agent env=!dont-vary </Location> # add compress end <Directory "e:/site/apache/www.yoursite.com"> # # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All", # or any combination of: # Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews # # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All" # doesn't give it to you. # # The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options # for more information. # Options Indexes FollowSymLinks # # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files. # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords: # Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit # AllowOverride None # # Controls who can get stuff from this server. # Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost>
* 在conf下新建文件mod_jk.conf，内容如下：
# Load mod_jk module LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so # Where to find workers.properties JkWorkersFile conf/workers.properties # Where to put jk shared memory JkShmFile logs/httpd/mod_jk.shm # Where to put jk logs JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log # Set the jk log level [debug/error/info] JkLogLevel info # Select the log format JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] " # JkOptions indicate to send SSL KEY SIZE, JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories # JkRequestLogFormat set the request format JkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T %R" # All requests go to Tomcat by default JkMount /* www # Serve html, jpg and gif etc using Apache JkUnMount /*.css www JkUnMount /*.js www JkUnMount /*.gif www JkUnMount /*.jpg www JkUnMount /*.htm www JkUnMount /*.swf www JkUnMount /*.xml www JkUnMount /*.ico www # png and flv mount to tomcat #JkUnMount /*.png www #JkUnMount /*.flv www
* 在conf下新建文件workers.properties，内容如下：
# # workers.properties # # list the workers by name worker.list=www worker.maintain=60 # ============================================================================= # ------------------------ # www1 server 0.2 # ------------------------ worker.www1.port=8009 worker.www1.host=192.168.0.2 worker.www1.type=ajp13 worker.www1.socket_timeout=0 worker.www1.socket_keepalive=true worker.www1.lbfactor=10 # Define preferred failover node for worker1 #worker.www1.redirect=www2 # ------------------------ # www2 server 0.2 # ------------------------ worker.www2.port=9009 worker.www2.host=192.168.0.2 worker.www2.type=ajp13 worker.www2.socket_timeout=0 worker.www2.socket_keepalive=true worker.www2.lbfactor=10 #Disable worker2 for all requests except failover #worker.worker2.activation=disabled # ------------------------ # Load Balancer worker # ------------------------ worker.www.type=lb #worker.www.balance_workers=www2 worker.www.balance_workers=www1,www2 worker.www.sticky_session=true #worker.www.method=Traffic # ---------------------- # #----------------------- # Add the status worker to the worker list #worker.list=jkstatus # Define a 'jkstatus' worker using status #worker.jkstatus.type=status # Add the jkstatus mount point #JkMount /jkmanager/* jkstatus # =========================================================================== # # END workers.properties #
三、session复制：参见[Tomcat 5集群中的SESSION复制|Tomcat 5集群中的SESSION复制详解]，方法如下：
* 在每个工程的web.xml中</web-app>前面加上一行：<distributable/>（不要忘记了）
* 在tomcat配置文件的conf下的server.xml中去掉注释，如下：
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
managerClassName="org.apache.catalina.cluster.session.DeltaManager"
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
useDirtyFlag="true"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true">
<Membership
className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.mcast.McastService"
mcastAddr="228.0.0.4"
mcastPort="45564"
mcastFrequency="500"
mcastDropTime="3000"/>
<Receiver
className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationListener"
tcpListenAddress="auto"
tcpListenPort="4002"
tcpSelectorTimeout="100"
tcpThreadCount="6"/>
<Sender
className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationTransmitter"
replicationMode="pooled"
ackTimeout="15000"/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationValve"
filter=".*\.gif;.*\.js;.*\.jpg;.*\.htm;.*\.html;.*\.txt;"/>
<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/>
</Cluster>
* 下面是成功的正常的反应(关闭另一个tomcat，开始另一个tomcat)：
现在你可是感受一下成果，session被复制到每个tomcat例程，即使例程当机，只要还剩下一个例程，用户就感觉不到任何异常。