掌握“软技能”的首要问题

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—— 学习及分析和解决问题
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1)敏捷思维(Think Fast, Agile

敏捷开发近年来已经越来越引起包括微软在内的很多大软件公司的重视。“敏捷”这个理念也可以用在平时日常工作中和思路上,以便于遇事时思路、判断、分析等能力反应敏捷。敏捷思维的特点是脑子快,反应也快,而且能冷静地分析和有条有理地快速得出分析结论、应该采取的措施等,因而能做事高效率。这些人虽然快,但不鲁莽。随着微软近年来越多的产品团队考虑应用敏捷开发工程实践,特别是Web有关的产品和服务类项目,开发周期很短,敏捷思维的能力也显得更重要了。

2)学习能力(Learning Skill

一般学习能力是人们在学习、工作及日常生活中对未知的和新知识技能从无到有、从未知到掌握过程的能力。职业水平和技术难度越高,对人的学习能力的要求也越高。学习能力强的人能快地学习新知识、新事物。对新事物的理解、分析和综合能力较强的人一般对所学新事物记得住,不容易忘记。学习能力的高低,直接影响到掌握新事物的速度、多少和质量。其中还有观察能力、模仿能力、记忆能力、想象能力、分析能力和思维能力等多种有关认识能力的因素,所以学习能力是一种综合能力。微软在面试时就很注意评估应聘者的快速学习能力。我们很多微软员工的体会是:在微软,每天的工作都有新东西要学,要靠自己通过读、听、问、说、想,不断地通过产品、文章、网站、同事、上司等用心学,才能保持有竞争力和跟上工作岗位期望、公司需求、新产品技术、时代的发展需要。

3)系统分析思考能力(Methodical Analyzing Skill

系统分析思考能力对于管理和技术人员更是非常重要的。对测试人员来讲,这一方面的能力至关重要。对每一个功能的测试都需要系统性的分析,从浅入深、从左到右、从高到低,尽量分析出所有可能的测试案例和场景,再根据可用时间、资源、条件等分析后确定该功能测试应覆盖的范围和深度。对开发人员来说,也要求很强的分析思考能力。在设计时要考虑对整个系统的影响甚至下一个版本的影响;要修复产品的缺陷时,常常追根寻源,要考虑很多因素,如功能之间、产品之间的制约因素,设法找出最佳的修复方案。特别在我们产品临近发布时,如发现了很严重的缺陷,照理应该修复的,但因为临近发布时,代码早已写完,计划好的详细测试也已完成,产品已很稳定。要修复一个缺陷就意味着要改动源代码,因而就有可能产生新的问题或新的缺陷。在这阶段对产品缺陷修复与否的决策特别要求有很强的系统分析思考能力,要能够考虑得很详细和周到,会估计各种后果、影响对象、范围、产品稳定性、有无其他选择等,并提出适合的决策。

4)解决问题能力(Problem Solving

解决问题的能力也是一项重要的技能。因为微软工作的技术人员都需要自己遇到问题争取自己解决,因为我们知道别人也很忙,我们不能一遇到任何事就求别人帮忙。再说工作当中经常遇到大大小小的问题,要是不能自己解决,老要问别人,那就太耽误时间及公司资源了。对于开发人员来说,很重要的一个素质就是要独立地找到解决方案。找书或上网查询也好,与人讨论也好,自己写个雏形验证也好,总之最后要为交付的项目找出最好的解决方案。对测试人员来说,负责测试的功能,只有自己和开发人员最了解。如果测试自己的功能时有问题,是应该尽量自己来解决。所以微软公司在面试应聘者的时候都很注意评价他们的分析解决问题的能力,面试时常会特别要求面试者举出遇到困难和挑战而怎样解决的实例,或通过看面试者对问的问题不解或解不出结果时怎样处理。因为公司希望微软的每一位员工都有很强的解决问题的能力。

5)执行能力(Execution

执行能力就是能把自己负责的任务保质保量地按时完成和交付的能力,也是要出结果(Result-driven)的能力。这对应前面谈到AAP原则中付之行动那一条。微软图书馆有本Larry Bossidy的书叫:“执行–把事情做成的原则(Executionthe principles of getting things done)”。书中有原则,有实例,分析了很多大公司执行总裁由于不同的执行能力而造成的成功或失败的后果。实际上在微软,无论你知识技术水平多高,如你不能经常按要求完成任务,就不能算胜任微软的工作。这方面能力很强的员工往往是团队中承担着重要任务的员工。当然执行能力还常意味着要会追踪(follow up)、会找代理(delegate)、会指导别人做你要求的事情等,因为微软的工作多数有依附性,所以你负责的任务要完成,但又必须等别人完成他们的部分,你才能完成整个任务。因此要常常和有关人员沟通和追踪进展,再根据当时情况决定下一步你该怎么做。

更多内容请参阅微软华人专家倾心撰著的《微软360度——成功与成长》

掌握“软技能”的首要问题


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