在Linux系统中，有许多命令可用于查询主机的硬件信息。一些命令只针对特定的硬件组件，比如CPU、内存，一些命令可以查询多个硬件信息。
这篇文章只是简单的让每个人了解查询硬件信息的基本命令使用，包括lscpu、hwinfo、lshw、lspci、lsblk、lsusb等等。
1. lscpu用于查询CPU信息
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[
root
@
devops
~
]
# lscpu
Architecture
:
x86_64
CPU
op
-
mode
(
s
)
:
32
-
bit
,
64
-
bit
Byte
Order
:
Little
Endian
CPU
(
s
)
:
1
On
-
line
CPU
(
s
)
list
:
0
Thread
(
s
)
per
core
:
1
Core
(
s
)
per
socket
:
1
CPU
socket
(
s
)
:
1
NUMA
node
(
s
)
:
1
Vendor
ID
:
GenuineIntel
CPU
family
:
6
Model
:
45
Stepping
:
7
CPU
MHz
:
2194.842
BogoMIPS
:
4389.68
Hypervisor
vendor
:
Xen
Virtualization
type
:
full
L1d
cache
:
32K
L1i
cache
:
32K
L2
cache
:
256K
L3
cache
:
15360K
NUMA
node0
CPU
(
s
)
:
0
|
2. lshw显示硬件信息表
这个命令应用普遍，它可通过个人需求而列出多种不同的硬件参数：CPU、内存、硬盘、USB控制器、lshw卡片等等，本质上就是从/proc目录不同文件中中提取对应的硬件信息。
按照下面的步骤去安装lshw工具，然后就可以使用了。
|
1
2
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4
|
wget
http
:
//ezix.org/software/files/lshw-B.02.14.tar.gz
tar
-
zxvf
lshw
-
B
.
02.14.tar.gz
cd
lshw
-
B
.
02.14
make
&
amp
;
&
amp
;
make
install
|
示例：
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28
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[
root
@
devops
lshw
-
B
.
02.14
]
# lshw -short
H
/
W
path
Device
Class
Description
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
==
system
HVM
domU
/
0
bus
Motherboard
/
0
/
0
memory
96KiB
BIOS
/
0
/
1
processor
Intel
(
R
)
Xeon
(
R
)
CPU
E5
-
2430
0
@
2.20GHz
/
0
/
2
memory
System
Memory
/
0
/
2
/
0
memory
512MiB
DIMM
RAM
/
0
/
2
/
1
memory
512MiB
DIMM
RAM
/
0
/
3
memory
96KiB
BIOS
/
0
/
4
processor
CPU
/
0
/
5
memory
System
Memory
/
0
/
6
memory
/
0
/
7
memory
/
0
/
100
bridge
440FX
-
82441FX
PMC
[
Natoma
]
/
0
/
100
/
1
bridge
82371SB
PIIX3
ISA
[
Natoma
/
Triton
II
]
/
0
/
100
/
1.1
scsi1
storage
82371SB
PIIX3
IDE
[
Natoma
/
Triton
II
]
/
0
/
100
/
1.1
/
0.0.0
/
dev
/
cdrom1
disk
SCSI
CD
-
ROM
/
0
/
100
/
1.2
bus
82371SB
PIIX3
USB
[
Natoma
/
Triton
II
]
/
0
/
100
/
1.2
/
1
usb1
bus
UHCI
Host
Controller
/
0
/
100
/
1.2
/
1
/
2
input
QEMU
USB
Tablet
/
0
/
100
/
1.3
bridge
82371AB
/
EB
/
MB
PIIX4
ACPI
/
0
/
100
/
2
display
GD
5446
/
0
/
100
/
3
generic
Xen
Platform
Device
/
1
eth0
network
Ethernet
interface
/
2
eth1
network
Ethernet
interface
[
root
@
devops
lshw
-
B
.
02.14
]
#
|
3. hwinfo-硬件信息
hwinfo类似于lshw，也能查询硬件信息，且应用广泛。它也能输出多个硬件部分的详细或者简要信息，但是不同的是有时hwinfo比lshw的信息更详细。
默认情况下，Linux系统没有安装hwinfo工具，所以你需要按照以下步骤自己安装：
CentOS 6
|
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#rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm
#yum list hwinfo
#yum install hwinfo
|
CentOS 5
|
1
2
3
|
#rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/5/gf/x86_64/gf-release-5-6.gf.el5.noarch.rpm
#yum list hwinfo
#yum install hwinfo
|
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32
33
|
[
root
@
devops
tmp
]
# rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm
Retrieving
http
:
//mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm
warning
:
/
var
/
tmp
/
rpm
-
tmp
.
m2mMAO
:
Header
V4
RSA
/
SHA1
Signature
,
key
ID
13a4d2a9
:
NOKEY
Preparing
.
.
.
########################################### [100%]
1
:
gf
-
release
########################################### [100%]
[
root
@
devops
tmp
]
# yum list hwinfo
Loaded
plugins
:
fastestmirror
Loading
mirror
speeds
from
cached
hostfile
*
base
:
mirrors
.
aliyun
.
com
*
extras
:
mirrors
.
aliyun
.
com
*
updates
:
mirrors
.
aliyun
.
com
gf
00
:
00
gf
/
primary_db
00
:
00
Available
Packages
hwinfo
.
x86_64
[
root
@
devops
tmp
]
# yum list hwinfo
Loaded
plugins
:
fastestmirror
Loading
mirror
speeds
from
cached
hostfile
*
base
:
mirrors
.
aliyun
.
com
*
extras
:
mirrors
.
aliyun
.
com
*
updates
:
mirrors
.
aliyun
.
com
gf
00
:
00
gf
/
primary_db
00
:
00
Available
Packages
hwinfo
.
x86_64
20.2
-
1.gf.el6
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
[
root
@
devops
tmp
]
# yum install hwinfo
Loaded
plugins
:
fastestmirror
Loading
mirror
speeds
from
cached
hostfile
*
base
:
mirrors
.
aliyun
.
com
*
extras
:
mirrors
.
aliyun
.
com
*
updates
:
mirrors
.
aliyun
.
com
Setting
up
Install
Process
Resolving
Dependencies
--
&
gt
;
Running
transaction
check
--
-
&
gt
;
Package
hwinfo
.
x86_64
0
:
20.2
-
1.gf.el6
will
be
installed
.
.
.
.
.
|
示例：
|
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7
8
9
10
11
12
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44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
|
[
root
@
devops
tmp
]
# hwinfo -short
oops
:
don
&
amp
;
#039;t know what to do with "short"
[
root
@
devops
tmp
]
# hwinfo --short
cpu
:
Intel
(
R
)
Xeon
(
R
)
CPU
E5
-
2430
0
@
2.20GHz
,
2194
MHz
keyboard
:
/
dev
/
input
/
event3
AT
Translated
Set
2
keyboard
/
dev
/
ttyS0
serial
console
mouse
:
/
dev
/
input
/
mice
Adomax
QEMU
USB
Tablet
/
dev
/
input
/
mice
Macintosh
mouse
button
emulation
/
dev
/
input
/
mice
ImExPS
/
2
Generic
Explorer
Mouse
graphics
card
:
Cirrus
Logic
GD
5446
storage
:
Intel
82371SB
PIIX3
IDE
[
Natoma
/
Triton
II
]
Xen
Virtual
Storage
0
Xen
Virtual
Storage
1
Xen
Virtual
Storage
2
network
:
eth0
Xen
Virtual
Ethernet
Card
0
eth1
Xen
Virtual
Ethernet
Card
1
network
interface
:
lo
Loopback
network
interface
eth0
Ethernet
network
interface
eth1
Ethernet
network
interface
disk
:
/
dev
/
xvda
Disk
/
dev
/
xvdb
Disk
partition
:
/
dev
/
xvda1
Partition
/
dev
/
xvdb1
Partition
cdrom
:
/
dev
/
sr0
QEMU
DVD
-
ROM
usb
controller
:
Qumranet
Qemu
virtual
machine
bios
:
BIOS
bridge
:
Qumranet
Qemu
virtual
machine
Qumranet
Qemu
virtual
machine
Qumranet
Qemu
virtual
machine
hub
:
Linux
2.6.32
-
279.el6.x86_64
uhci_hcd
UHCI
Host
Controller
memory
:
Main
Memory
unknown
:
FPU
DMA
controller
PIC
Timer
Keyboard
controller
XenSource
Xen
Platform
Device
[
root
@
devops
tmp
]
#
|
4. lspci
lsppci命令可列出PCI总线的信息以及连接到PCI总线上的设备信息，比如VGA适配器、SATA控制器、其他模块等等。lspci工具是pciutils包的一部分，所以在安装lspci之前，你需要安装pciutils包。
安装pciutils包使用下面的命令：
|
1
|
#yum install pciutils
|
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1
2
3
4
5
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11
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13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
|
[
root
@
devops
tmp
]
# yum install pciutils
Loaded
plugins
:
fastestmirror
Loading
mirror
speeds
from
cached
hostfile
*
base
:
mirrors
.
aliyun
.
com
*
extras
:
mirrors
.
aliyun
.
com
*
updates
:
mirrors
.
aliyun
.
com
Setting
up
Install
Process
Resolving
Dependencies
--
&
gt
;
Running
transaction
check
--
-
&
gt
;
Package
pciutils
.
x86_64
0
:
3.1.10
-
2.el6
will
be
installed
--
&
gt
;
Processing
Dependency
:
pciutils
-
libs
=
3.1.10
-
2.el6
for
package
:
pciutils
-
3.1.10
-
2.el6.x86_64
--
&
gt
;
Running
transaction
check
--
-
&
gt
;
Package
pciutils
-
libs
.
x86_64
0
:
3.1.4
-
11.el6
will
be
updated
--
-
&
gt
;
Package
pciutils
-
libs
.
x86_64
0
:
3.1.10
-
2.el6
will
be
an
update
--
&
gt
;
Finished
Dependency
Resolution
Dependencies
Resolved
Installing
:
pciutils
x86_64
3.1.10
-
2.el6
85
k
Updating
for
dependencies
:
pciutils
-
libs
x86_64
3.1.10
-
2.el6
34
k
.
.
.
.
.
Dependency
Updated
:
pciutils
-
libs
.
x86_64
0
:
3.1.10
-
2.el6
Complete
!
|
示例：
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
[
root
@
devops
tmp
]
# lspci
00
:
00.0
Host
bridge
:
Intel
Corporation
440FX
-
82441FX
PMC
[
Natoma
]
(
rev
02
)
00
:
01.0
ISA
bridge
:
Intel
Corporation
82371SB
PIIX3
ISA
[
Natoma
/
Triton
II
]
00
:
01.1
IDE
interface
:
Intel
Corporation
82371SB
PIIX3
IDE
[
Natoma
/
Triton
II
]
00
:
01.2
USB
controller
:
Intel
Corporation
82371SB
PIIX3
USB
[
Natoma
/
Triton
II
]
(
rev
01
)
00
:
01.3
Bridge
:
Intel
Corporation
82371AB
/
EB
/
MB
PIIX4
ACPI
(
rev
01
)
00
:
02.0
VGA
compatible
controller
:
Cirrus
Logic
GD
5446
00
:
03.0
Unassigned
class
[
ff80
]
:
XenSource
,
Inc
.
Xen
Platform
Device
(
rev
01
)
[
root
@
devops
tmp
]
#
|
5. lsusb-列出USB总线信息
这个命令可列出USB控制器的设备信息。
lsusb工具是usbutils包的一部分，所以你需要按照如下命令安装：
|
1
|
#yum install usbutils
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
|
[
root
@
devops
tmp
]
# yum install usbutils
Loaded
plugins
:
fastestmirror
Loading
mirror
speeds
from
cached
hostfile
*
base
:
mirrors
.
aliyun
.
com
*
extras
:
mirrors
.
aliyun
.
com
*
updates
:
mirrors
.
aliyun
.
com
Setting
up
Install
Process
Resolving
Dependencies
--
&
gt
;
Running
transaction
check
--
-
&
gt
;
Package
usbutils
.
x86_64
0
:
003
-
4.el6
will
be
installed
--
&
gt
;
Processing
Dependency
:
libusb
-
1.0.so.0
(
)
(
64bit
)
for
package
:
usbutils
-
003
-
4.el6.x86_64
--
&
gt
;
Running
transaction
check
--
-
&
gt
;
Package
libusb1
.
x86_64
0
:
1.0.9
-
0.6.rc1.el6
will
be
installed
--
&
gt
;
Finished
Dependency
Resolution
Dependencies
Resolved
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
==
===
===
===
===
Package
Arch
Version
Size
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
=
===
===
===
===
Installing
:
usbutils
x86_64
003
-
4.el6
71
k
Installing
for
dependencies
:
libusb1
x86_64
1.0.9
-
0.6.rc1.el6
80
k
Transaction
Summary
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
===
=
===
===
===
===
Install
2
Package
(
s
)
Total
download
size
:
152
k
Installed
size
:
377
k
Is
this
ok
[
y
/
N
]
:
y
Downloading
Packages
:
(
1
/
2
)
:
libusb1
-
1.0.9
-
0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64.rpm
00
:
00
(
2
/
2
)
:
usbutils
-
003
-
4.el6.x86_64.rpm
00
:
00
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
Total
00
:
00
Running
rpm_check_debug
Running
Transaction
Test
Transaction
Test
Succeeded
Running
Transaction
Installing
:
libusb1
-
1.0.9
-
0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64
1
/
2
Installing
:
usbutils
-
003
-
4.el6.x86_64
2
/
2
Verifying
:
usbutils
-
003
-
4.el6.x86_64
1
/
2
Verifying
:
libusb1
-
1.0.9
-
0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64
2
/
2
Installed
:
usbutils
.
x86_64
0
:
003
-
4.el6
Dependency
Installed
:
libusb1
.
x86_64
0
:
1.0.9
-
0.6.rc1.el6
Complete
!
|
示例：
|
1
2
3
4
|
[
root
@
devops
tmp
]
# lsusb
Bus
001
Device
001
:
ID
1d6b
:
0001
Linux
Foundation
1.1
root
hub
Bus
001
Device
002
:
ID
0627
:
0001
Adomax
Technology
Co
.
,
Ltd
[
root
@
devops
tmp
]
#
|
6. lsblk-列出块设备的信息
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
[
root
@
devops
tmp
]
# lsblk
NAME
MAJ
:
MIN
RM
SIZE
RO
TYPE
MOUNTPOINT
xvda
202
:
0
0
20G
0
disk
└─
xvda1
202
:
1
0
20G
0
part
/
xvdb
202
:
16
0
10G
0
disk
└─
xvdb1
202
:
17
0
10G
0
part
/
alidata
sr0
11
:
0
1
362K
0
rom
|
7. lsscsi-列出SCSI的设备信息
列出SCSI/SDAT设备的信息，比如硬盘驱动器、光盘驱动器。
|
1
2
3
|
[
root
@
devops
tmp
]
# lsscsi
[
1
:
0
:
0
:
0
]
cd
/
dvd
QEMU
QEMU
DVD
-
ROM
0.10
/
dev
/
sr0
[
root
@
devops
tmp
]
#
|
完毕！Enjoy this！
本文转自：开源中国社区