Java连结数据库内幕

Java.sql包中的 java.sql.Driver, jdbc.sql.Connection等提供给程序开发人员统一的开发接口,数据库提供商提供相应的实现,对程序开发人员来讲只要知道这些接口都有哪些方法就可以了。但我们可以深入一些看看到底这里面都做了那些事, 同时也可以学习其中的编程模式(如Interface模式等)。
  1、 Class.forName(String classname) 的源码为:

public final
class Class implements java.io.Serializable {
 ...
public static Class forName(String className)
throws ClassNotFoundException {
   return forName0(className, true, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader());
}
...
}

  关于forName0 请自己查看jdk source.

  的是把指定的Class装载到JVM中来。(注意class的装载、初始化过程)在装载过程中将执行被装载类的static块(如下)

  2 sun的JdbcOdbcDriver 源码:

public class JdbcOdbcDriver extends JdbcOdbcObject
implements JdbcOdbcDriverInterface
   {
    ...
    /**
    * connect to DB
    */
public synchronized Connection connect(String s, Properties properties)
 throws SQLException
  {
   if(JdbcOdbcObject.isTracing())
    JdbcOdbcObject.trace("*Driver.connect (" + s + ")");
    if(!acceptsURL(s))
     return null;
    if(hDbc != 0)
    {
     disconnect(hDbc);
     closeConnection(hDbc);
     hDbc = 0;
    }
    if(!initialize())
    {
     return null;
    }
    else
    {
     JdbcOdbcConnection jdbcodbcconnection = new JdbcOdbcConnection(OdbcApi, hEnv, this);
     jdbcodbcconnection.initialize(getSubName(s), properties, DriverManager.getLoginTimeout());
     jdbcodbcconnection.setURL(s);
     return jdbcodbcconnection;
    }
   }

 static
 {
  if(JdbcOdbcObject.isTracing())
   JdbcOdbcObject.trace("JdbcOdbcDriver class loaded");
   JdbcOdbcDriver jdbcodbcdriver = new JdbcOdbcDriver();
   try
   {
    DriverManager.registerDriver(jdbcodbcdriver);
   }
   catch(SQLException sqlexception)
   {
    if(JdbcOdbcObject.isTracing())
     JdbcOdbcObject.trace("Unable to register driver");
   }
 }
}
public interface JdbcOdbcDriverInterface
 extends Driver
 {
  ...
 }
3 连接过程

jdbc.sql.Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:pubs","sa","");

public class DriverManager {
 public static synchronized Connection getConnection(String url,
    String user, String password) throws SQLException {
     java.util.Properties info = new java.util.Properties();

     // Gets the classloader of the code that called this method, may
     // be null.
     ClassLoader callerCL = DriverManager.getCallerClassLoader();

     if (user != null) {
      info.put("user", user);
     }
     if (password != null) {
      info.put("password", password);
     }
     return (getConnection(url, info, callerCL));
    }
 private static synchronized Connection getConnection(String url,java.util.Properties info,
   ClassLoader callerCL) throws SQLException
   {
    ...
    Connection result = di.driver.connect(url, info);
    ...
   }
 }

  4 结构图:

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