Spring 2.5.1 MVC + Tiles 2.0.5 基本配置

我只要想起来就去看看Turbine，但真的很令人失望，自2.3.2以后，好多年没有更新了，与之相关的项目比如maven都发展的很快，甚至不支持Turbine了。

Tiles不是另一种渲染技术，而是一种视图布局技术，这个跟Turbine的布局很相似，甚至更强大。

我使用MyEclipse6.0的Add Spring Capabilities功能加入Spring MVC等所依赖的库，发现已经支持Spring 2.0了。很高兴哦！

当我兴致高昂的从http://tiles.apache.org下载了tiles的jar包，并且按照google上搜到的一篇教程http://esffor.iteye.com/blog/96052进行部署，却怎么也测试不成功。
页 面中的<tiles:getAsString name="title" />和<tiles:insertAttribute name="header" />都无法正常输出，日志打印出TilesContainer not initialized的异常信息。

我已经注意到：

< definition  name ="template"  page ="/WEB-INF/tiles/mainTemplate.jsp" >
     < put  name ="title"  value ="default title" />
     < put  name ="header"  value ="/WEB-INF/tiles/header.jsp" />
     < put  name ="content"  value ="/WEB-INF/tiles/content.jsp" />
     < put  name ="footer"  value ="/WEB-INF/tiles/footer.jsp" />
</ definition >

在tiles2中必须改为：

< definition  name ="template"
    template ="/WEB-INF/tiles/mainTemplate.jsp" >
     < put-attribute  name ="title"  type ="string"  value ="default title"   />
     < put-attribute  name ="header"  type ="template"
        value ="/WEB-INF/tiles/header.jsp"   />
     < put-attribute  name ="content"  type ="template"
        value ="/WEB-INF/tiles/content.jsp"   />
     < put-attribute  name ="footer"  type ="template"
        value ="/WEB-INF/tiles/footer.jsp"   />
</ definition >

网络上使用Spring mvc+tiles的案例和文章极少，我怀疑是Spring 2.0不支持tiles2，但是在tiles的官网上已经找不到更早的版本了。

幸运的是，Spring官网已经发布了2.5.1，在官网2.5.1文档http://static.springframework.org/spring/docs/2.5.x/reference/view.html#view-tiles中，我看到了

14.3. Tiles

It is possible to integrate Tiles - just as any other view technology - in web applications using Spring. The following describes in a broad way how to do this.

NOTE: This section focuses on Spring's support for Tiles 2 (the standalone version of Tiles, requiring Java 5+) in the org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles2 package. Spring also continues to support Tiles 1.x (a.k.a. "Struts Tiles", as shipped with Struts 1.1+; compatible with Java 1.4) in the original org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles package.

14.3.1. Dependencies

To be able to use Tiles you have to have a couple of additional dependencies included in your project. The following is the list of dependencies you need.

• Tiles version 2.0.4 or higher

• Commons BeanUtils

• Commons Digester

• Commons Logging

These dependencies are all available in the Spring distribution.

看来我的怀疑是正确的。

以下是Spring 2.5.1 MVC + Tiles 2.0.5的配置：

---

从sourceforge下载spring-framework-2.5.1-with-dependencies.zip，并从中拉出以下jar文件（最小化依赖）
#spring 2.5.1
commons-logging.jar
log4j-1.2.14.jar

spring-beans.jar
spring-core.jar
spring-context.jar

spring-web.jar
spring-webmvc.jar

#with tiles 2.0.5
commons-beanutils-1.7.0.jar
commons-digester-1.8.jar

tiles-core-2.0.5.jar
tiles-api-2.0.5.jar
tiles-jsp-2.0.5.jar

jstl.jar

#当然，除此之外还需要为web工程加入j2ee 1.4的Libraries和JDK1.5或以上的Libraries。

步骤：
1、最好配置好log4j，便于在配置过程中排错。
2、修改web.xml文件

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< web-app  version ="2.4"  xmlns ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" >
     < servlet >
         < servlet-name > training </ servlet-name >
         < servlet-class >
            org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
         </ servlet-class >
         < load-on-startup > 1 </ load-on-startup >
     </ servlet >
     < servlet-mapping >
         < servlet-name > training </ servlet-name >
         < url-pattern > *.htm </ url-pattern >
     </ servlet-mapping >
     < welcome-file-list >
         < welcome-file > index.jsp </ welcome-file >
     </ welcome-file-list >
</ web-app >

3、在WEB-INF目录下增加training-servlet.xml文件，修改其内容为：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<! DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN 2.0//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans-2.0.dtd" >
<!--  Application context definition for "example" DispatcherServlet.   -->
< beans >
     < bean  name ="/home.htm"  class ="Action.TilesHomeController" ></ bean >
     < bean  id ="viewResolver"
        class ="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver" >
         < property  name ="viewClass"
            value ="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles2.TilesView"   />
     </ bean >
     < bean  id ="tilesConfigurer"
        class ="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles2.TilesConfigurer" >
         < property  name ="definitions" >
             < list >
                 < value > /WEB-INF/defs/tiles-def.xml </ value >
             </ list >
         </ property >
     </ bean >
</ beans >

4、在WEB-INF目录下增加defs/tiles-def.xml，其内容如下：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<! DOCTYPE tiles-definitions PUBLIC
       "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Tiles Configuration 2.0//EN"
       "http://tiles.apache.org/dtds/tiles-config_2_0.dtd" >
< tiles-definitions >
     < definition  name ="template"
        template ="/WEB-INF/tiles/mainTemplate.jsp" >
         < put-attribute  name ="title"  type ="string"  value ="default title"   />
         < put-attribute  name ="header"  type ="template"
            value ="/WEB-INF/tiles/header.jsp"   />
         < put-attribute  name ="content"  type ="template"
            value ="/WEB-INF/tiles/content.jsp"   />
         < put-attribute  name ="footer"  type ="template"
            value ="/WEB-INF/tiles/footer.jsp"   />
     </ definition >
     < definition  name ="courseDetail"  extends ="template" >
         < put-attribute  name ="title"  value ="courseDetail title"
            type ="string"   />
         < put-attribute  name ="content"  type ="template"
            value ="/WEB-INF/tiles/courseContent.jsp"   />
     </ definition >
</ tiles-definitions >

5、在WEB-INF目录下增加tiles目录，并在tiles目录下增加以下文件：
mainTemplate.jsp

<% ... @ page session="false" %>
<% ... @ taglib uri="http://tiles.apache.org/tags-tiles" prefix="tiles" %>
< html >
     < head >
         < title >< tiles:getAsString  name ="title"   />
         </ title >
     </ head >
     < body >
         < table  border ="2"  width ="300"  bordercolor ="Gray" >
             < tr >
                 < td  bgcolor ="Blue" >
                     < tiles:insertAttribute  name ="header"   />
                 </ td >
             </ tr >
             < tr >
                 < td >
                     < tiles:insertAttribute  name ="content"   />
                 </ td >
             </ tr >
             < tr >
                 < td >
                     < tiles:insertAttribute  name ="footer"   />
                 </ td >
             </ tr >
         </ table >
     </ body >
</ html >

header.jsp

this is from header

content.jsp

< h1 >
    this is from content
</ h1 >

footer.jsp

this is from footer

courseContent.jsp

<% ... @page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<% ... @ taglib uri="http://tiles.apache.org/tags-tiles" prefix="tiles" %>
this is courseContent

6、在src下增加一个java class文件：Action.TilesHomeController.java：

package  Action;

import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import  org.springframework.validation.BindException;
import  org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import  org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractCommandController;

public   class  TilesHomeController  extends  AbstractCommandController  ... {

    protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest arg0,
            HttpServletResponse arg1) throws Exception ...{
        return new ModelAndView("courseDetail");
    }

    @Override
    protected ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest arg0,
            HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, BindException arg3)