Pipelines Hazards

http://www.ece.unm.edu/~jimp/611/slides/chap3_3.html

Pipelines  Hazards

http://www.cs.uaf.edu/2011/fall/cs441/lecture/09_20_pipelining.html

Pipelining, Pipeline Stalls, and Operand Forwarding

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_pipeline

An instruction pipeline is a technique used in the design of computers to increase their instruction throughput (the number of instructions that can be executed in a unit of time). Pipelining does not reduce the time to complete an instruction, but increases instruction throughput by performing multiple operations in parallel.

http://www.cs.iastate.edu/~prabhu/Tutorial/PIPELINE/hazards.html

There are situations, called hazards, that prevent the next instruction in the instruction stream from being executing during its designated clock cycle. Hazards reduce the performance from the ideal speedup gained by pipelining.