使用 ApacheBench 做网站压力测试

ab的全称是ApacheBench，是 Apache 附带的一个小工具，专门用于 HTTP Server 的benchmark testing，可以同时模拟多个并发请求。前段时间看到公司的开发人员也在用它作一些测试，看起来也不错，很简单，也很容易使用，所以今天花一点时间看了一下。

通过下面的一个简单的例子和注释，相信大家可以更容易理解这个工具的使用。

一个简单的例子

/*在这个例子的一开始，我执行了这样一个命令 ab -n 10 -c 10 http://www.google.com/。这个命令的意思是启动 ab ，向www.google.com 发送10个请求(-n 10) ，并每次发送10个请求(-c 10)——也就是说一次都发过去了。跟着下面的是 ab 输出的测试报告，红色部分是我添加的注释。

参数很多,一般我们用 -c 和 -n 参数就可以了. 例如: 
./ab -c 100 -n 10000 http://127.0.0.1/index.php 
这个表示同时处理100个请求并运行10000次index.php文件. 
*/

C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\bin>ab -n 10 -c 10 http

://www.google.com/

This is ApacheBench, Version 2.0.40-dev <$Revision: 1.146 $> apache-2.0

Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/

Copyright 1997-2005 The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

 

Benchmarking www.google.com (be patient).....done

 

 

Server Software:        GWS/2.1

Server Hostname:        www.google.com

Server Port:            80

 

Document Path:          /

Document Length:        230 bytes

 

Concurrency Level:      10

/*整个测试持续的时间*/

Time taken for tests:   3.234651 seconds

/*完成的请求数量*/

Complete requests:      10

/*失败的请求数量*/

Failed requests:        0

Write errors:           0

Non-2xx responses:      10

Keep-Alive requests:    10

/*整个场景中的网络传输量*/

Total transferred:      6020 bytes

/*整个场景中的HTML内容传输量*/

HTML transferred:       2300 bytes

/*大家最关心的指标之一，相当于 LR 中的 每秒事务数 ，后面括号中的 mean 表示这是一个平均值*/

Requests per second:    3.09 [#/sec] (mean)

/*大家最关心的指标之二，相当于 LR 中的 平均事务响应时间 ，后面括号中的 mean 表示这是一个平均值*/

Time per request:       3234.651 [ms] (mean)

/*这个还不知道是什么意思，有知道的朋友请留言，谢谢 ^_^ */

Time per request:       323.465 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)

/*平均每秒网络上的流量，可以帮助排除是否存在网络流量过大导致响应时间延长的问题*/

Transfer rate:          1.55 [Kbytes/sec] received

/*网络上消耗的时间的分解，各项数据的具体算法还不是很清楚*/

Connection Times (ms)

              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max

Connect:       20  318 926.1     30    2954

Processing:    40 2160 1462.0   3034    3154

Waiting:       40 2160 1462.0   3034    3154

Total:         60 2479 1276.4   3064    3184

 

/*下面的内容为整个场景中所有请求的响应情况。在场景中每个请求都有一个响应时间，其中 50％ 的用户响应时间小于 3064 毫秒，60 ％ 的用户响应时间小于 3094 毫秒，最大的响应时间小于 3184 毫秒*/

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)

  50%   3064

  66%   3094

  75%   3124

  80%   3154

  90%   3184

  95%   3184

  98%   3184

  99%   3184

 100%   3184 (longest request)

 

更多信息

ab 不像 LR 那么强大，但是它足够轻便，如果只是在开发过程中想检查一下某个模块的响应情况，或者做一些场景比较简单的测试，ab 还是一个不错的选择——至少不用花费很多时间去学习 LR 那些复杂的功能，就更别说那 License 的价格了。

下面是 ab 的详细参数解释，大家有兴趣的可以研究一下，最近没有足够多的时间研究，如果哪位朋友有兴趣希望可以帮忙翻译一下每个参数的含义，有问题讨论也欢迎在这里回帖 ^_^

ab [ -Aauth-username:password ] [ -cconcurrency ] [ -Ccookie-name=value ] [ -d ] [ -ecsv-file ] [ -ggnuplot-file ] [ -h ] [ -Hcustom-header ] [ -i ] [ -k ] [ -nrequests ] [ -pPOST-file ] [ -Pproxy-auth-username:password ] [ -q ] [ -s ] [ -S ] [ -ttimelimit ] [ -Tcontent-type ] [ -vverbosity] [ -V ] [ -w ] [ -x<table>-attributes ] [ -Xproxy[:port] ] [ -y<tr>-attributes ] [ -z<td>-attributes ] [http://]hostname[:port]/path

 

-A auth-username:password

Supply BASIC Authentication credentials to the server. The username and password are separated by a single: and sent on the wire base64 encoded. The string is sent regardless of whether the server needs it (i.e., has sent an 401 authentication needed).

-c concurrency

Number of multiple requests to perform at a time. Default is one request at a time.

-C cookie-name=value

Add a Cookie: line to the request. The argument is typically in the form of aname=value pair. This field is repeatable.

-d

Do not display the "percentage served within XX [ms] table". (legacy support).

-e csv-file

Write a Comma separated value (CSV) file which contains for each percentage (from 1% to 100%) the time (in milliseconds) it took to serve that percentage of the requests. This is usually more useful than the 'gnuplot' file; as the results are already 'binned'.

-g gnuplot-file

Write all measured values out as a 'gnuplot' or TSV (Tab separate values) file. This file can easily be imported into packages like Gnuplot, IDL, Mathematica, Igor or even Excel. The labels are on the first line of the file.

-h

Display usage information.

-H custom-header

Append extra headers to the request. The argument is typically in the form of a valid header line, containing a colon-separated field-value pair (i.e.,"Accept-Encoding: zip/zop;8bit").

-i

Do HEAD requests instead of GET.

-k

Enable the HTTP KeepAlive feature, i.e., perform multiple requests within one HTTP session. Default is no KeepAlive.

-n requests

Number of requests to perform for the benchmarking session. The default is to just perform a single request which usually leads to non-representative benchmarking results.

-p POST-file

File containing data to POST.

-P proxy-auth-username:password

Supply BASIC Authentication credentials to a proxy en-route. The username and password are separated by a single:and sent on the wire base64 encoded. The string is sent regardless of whether the proxy needs it (i.e., has sent an 407 proxy authentication needed).

-q

When processing more than 150 requests, ab outputs a progress count onstderr every 10% or 100 requests or so. The-q flag will suppress these messages.

-s

When compiled in (ab -h will show you) use the SSL protected https rather than the http protocol. This feature is experimental andvery rudimentary. You probably do not want to use it.

-S

Do not display the median and standard deviation values, nor display the warning/error messages when the average and median are more than one or two times the standard deviation apart. And default to the min/avg/max values. (legacy support).

-t timelimit

Maximum number of seconds to spend for benchmarking. This implies a -n 50000 internally. Use this to benchmark the server within a fixed total amount of time. Per default there is no timelimit.

-T content-type

Content-type header to use for POST data.

-v verbosity

Set verbosity level - 4 and above prints information on headers, 3 and above prints response codes (404, 200, etc.), 2and above prints warnings and info.

-V

Display version number and exit.

-w

Print out results in HTML tables. Default table is two columns wide, with a white background.

-x <table>-attributes

String to use as attributes for <table>. Attributes are inserted <table here >.

-X proxy[:port]

Use a proxy server for the requests.

-y <tr>-attributes

String to use as attributes for <tr>.

-z <td>-attributes

String to use as attributes for <td>.