(一) 安装:
在CentOS下面使用kvm安装freebsd9.0, 注意的是网卡的model需要选择为
"e1000"或者"rtl8139"才能在freebsd中被识别。
安装命令行:
# virt-install \
--name freebsd9.0 \
--ram 1024 \
--vcpus=2 \
--disk path=/(省略...)/freebsd9.img \
--network bridge=br0,model=e1000 \
--os-variant=freebsd8 \
--accelerate \
--cdrom /(省略...)/FreeBSD-9.0-RELEASE-i386-dvd1.iso \
--vnc
安装虚拟机完成后的xml配置文件:
<domain type='kvm'>
<name>freebsd9</name>
<uuid>efe5d2d2-5877-a593-8072-a15636809a6a</uuid>
<memory>1048576</memory>
<currentMemory>1048576</currentMemory>
<vcpu>2</vcpu>
<os>
<type arch='i686' machine='rhel6.2.0'>hvm</type>
<boot dev='cdrom'/>
<boot dev='hd'/>
</os>
<features>
<acpi/>
<apic/>
<pae/>
</features>
<clock offset='localtime'/>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>restart</on_crash>
<devices>
<emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='none'/>
<source file='/(省略...)/freebsd9.img'/>
<target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
<address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' unit='0'/>
</disk>
<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<source file='/(省略...)/FreeBSD-9.0-RELEASE-i386-dvd1.iso'/>
<target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/>
<readonly/>
<address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' unit='0'/>
</disk>
<controller type='ide' index='0'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
</controller>
<interface type='bridge'>
<mac address='52:54:24:1f:84:39'/>
<source bridge='br0'/>
<model type='e1000'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
</interface>
<serial type='pty'>
<target port='0'/>
</serial>
<console type='pty'>
<target type='serial' port='0'/>
</console>
<input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
<graphics type='vnc' port='-1' autoport='yes'/>
<video>
<model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
</video>
<memballoon model='virtio'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
</memballoon>
</devices>
</domain>
(二)配置
0) 安装完成后,将用户加入wheel组, 并添加sudo支持。
i) 以root用户登录,然后用pw命令或者修改/etc/group
#pw usermod -G wheel freeuser
#cat /etc/group
内容如下:
wheel:*:0:root,freeuser
ii) 添加sudo支持(2种安装方法)
a. (推荐)使用ports安装:
#cd /usr/ports/security/sudo
#make install clean
b. 使用package安装
#pkg_add -r sudo
c. 配置sudo
#visudo
1) 设置ports (使用portsnap同步ports)
i) 修改portsnap 服务器:
#vi /etc/portsnap.conf
设置:
SERVERNAME=portsnap.cn.freebsd.org
ii) 执行更新命令:
#portsnap fetch extract
以后更新,只需要执行下面2步:
# portsnap fetch
# portsnap update
这2步可以合成使用:
#portsnap fetch update
iii) 设置最快的ports镜像
修改 /etc/make.conf, 加入如下内容:
MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE=\
http://mirrors.163.com/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}\
ftp://ftp.freebsdchina.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}\
ftp://ftp.cn.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}\
ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}\
ftp://ftp.hk.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}\
ftp://ftp.jp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}\
ftp://ftp.kr.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}\
iv) 加快ports下载速度
#cd /usr/ports/ftp/axel
#make install clean
修改/etc/make.conf文件,添加如下内容:
FETCH_CMD=axel
FETCH_BEFORE_ARGS= -n 10 -a
FETCH_AFTER_ARGS=
DISABLE_SIZE=yes
v) 配置其它参数( /etc/make.conf )
WITH_GTK2=yes
2) 修改ls命令为彩色
在linux下面的终端 ls支持彩色显示。安装gnuls即可。
i) 安装gnuls
#cd /usr/ports/misc/gnuls
#make install clean
ii) 配置
a. bash情况, 修改/etc/profile
alias ls="gnuls --color=auto --show-control-chars"
b. csh情况, 修改/etc/csh.cshrc
alias ls 'gnuls --color=auto --show-control-chars'
重新登录即可。
3) 安装vim
i) 安装vim
#cd /usr/ports/editors/vim-lite
#make install clean
或者:pkg_add安装(推荐)
#pkg_add -r -v vim-lite
ii) 配置vim
全局配置:
#sudo cp /usr/local/share/vim/vim73/vimrc_example.vim /usr/local/share/vimrc
个人配置:
#vim ~/.vimrc
set number
set autoindent
set ruler
syntax on
4) 修改字符集为UTF-8(以支持中文)
i)如果是tcsh,修改~/.cshrc,把LANG和LC_CTYPE改为UTF-8。
setevn LANG zh_CN.UTF-8
setevn LC_CTYPE zh_CN.UTF-8
ii)如果用sh或者bash,就相应改文件~/.shrc, ~/.bashrc
LANG=zh_zh_CN.UTF-8; export LANG
LC_CTYPE=zh_zh_CN.UTF-8; export LC_CTYPE
5) 定义Home,End,Delete键的动作(仅限bash/sh环境)
i) 编辑或者新建 /usr/local/etc/inputrc文件,输入下面内容:
set meta-flag on
set input-meta on
set convert-meta off
set meta-flag on
set input-meta on
set convert-meta off
set output-meta on
"\e[1~": beginning-of-line
"\e[4~": end-of-line
"\e[5~": beginning-of-history
"\e[6~": end-of-history
"\e[3~": delete-char
"\e[2~": quoted-insert
"\e[5C": forward-word
"\e[5D": backward-word
"\x7F": backward-delete-char
ii) 修改sh/BASH全局环境
#sudo ln -s /usr/local/etc/inputrc /etc/inputrc
#vim /etc/profile
添加如下内容:
export INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc