ubuntu更新源小常识

1:去掉linux 系统vi中出现^M字符的方法

去掉linux系统vi中出现^M字符的方法:
^M符号是windows系统下的換行符,在windows下的文本通过bin模式ftp上传到了unxi空间出现的,要去掉这些结束符,我们可以用dos2unix命令去掉,也可以直接在vi中操作去掉,实现方法如下:
在test.txt文件中有如下内容:
eeesdgtdfg
dfgdfgfdgfd ^M
ineesert into pusfdgdfgfd)ff;^M
adwwfdfed
adfdsdfsfdsf.^M
在命令模式下运行命令 :%s/^M//g 回车
注意:里面的^M 必须是同时按 Ctrl+V+M
,表示回车。
不是直接输入 ^M,也不是粘帖复制。
命令完成后,用:x 保存退出后,再次用vi打开就全部被替换掉了。

2:无法获得锁 /var/lib/apt/lists/lock – open


在网上搜索到的解决方案──“将/var/lib/apt/list/lock删除掉即可”──其实是一种极端的情况,也就是在上次更新没有正常关闭的情况下使用。

在大部分情况下,问题的原因在于其它的程序如系统的自动更新、新立得等正在使用apt-get进程,所以解决方法也就是将这一进程关闭。具体如下:

1、ps-aux 查出apt-get进程的PID,通常是一个四位数字。
2、用sudo kill PID代码 杀死进程
3、用sudo apt-get update,sudo apt-get dist-upgrade升级。

3:将gb2312 转码utf8

iconv -f gb2312 -t utf8 source.list -o source.list

每次升级ubuntu都有更换更新源(gengxinyuan),其实更新源地址不必上网找,直接自己更改就可以了。更新源的地址基本上是这样的:

        deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ oneiric main universe restricted multiverse

      这个是11.10的更新源地址,其中 oneiric就是ubuntu 11.10的开发代号,所以我们只需要将电脑中的更新源列表里的开发代号替换为ubuntu 12.04的开发代号就可以了,用ctrl+F查找出来全部替换就可以了。因此以后再换版本就不用自己上网搜索更新源了。ubuntu 12.04的开发代号是Precise Pangolin,译为精确的穿山甲。所以只需将oneiric替换为precise即可

1、首先备份Ubuntu 11.10源列表
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup (备份下当前的源列表,有备无患嘛)


2、修改更新源
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list (打开Ubuntu 11.10源列表文件)


3、用ctrl+F查找所有的oneiric,然后全部替换为precise

4、通知ubuntu启用新的更新源   sudo apt-get update


//当然如果你比较懒,或者是全新安装的ubuntu,那你可以直接把下面的代码复制到sources.list中

#台湾源
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise  main universe restricted multiverse 
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise  main universe restricted multiverse 
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted 
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted 
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted 
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted


#网易 Ubuntu 11.10 源(速度很快)
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted


#骨头源,骨头源是bones7456架设的一个Ubuntu源 ,提供ubuntu,deepin
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted


#mirror.lupaworld.com的源,速度很快
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-cn/ precise main restricted universe multiverse



#ubuntu.cn99.com源(推荐):
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu-cn/ precise main restricted universe multiverse


//教育网源
如果你是在校大学生,可以使用校园网/教育网,就是用教育网的资源吧,中科大,兰大、厦门大学都有很多资源,尤其是支持ipv6的,那更新速度就按兆算了。
中科大:http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/
厦门大学:http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/howto/




#电子科技大学
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse


#中国科技大学
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports restricted universe multiverse
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse


#北京理工大学
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe


#兰州大学
deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ precise main multiverse restricted universe


#上海交通大学
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe

 

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