传递给Appium服务器以开启相应安卓Automation会话的Capabilities的几点说明

Desired Capabilities是由客户端发送给Appium服务器端的用来告诉服务器去启动哪种我们想要的会话的一套键值对集合。当中也有一些键值对是用来在 自动化的过程中修改服务器端的行为方式的。比如，我们可以把键为platformName的capability的值设置成iOS来告诉服务器我们想要开 启的是一个iOS的会话，而非Anddroid的会话。或者我们可以把键为safariAllowPopups 的capability的值设置成true来确保在Safari自动化会话的过程中，我们可以使用JavaScript来弹出一个新窗口。要查看 Appium支持的完整的capabilities列表，请查看capabilities doc或以下文档。

请注意以下列表中高亮的项，这些都是必填的项目。当中有以下几点需要注意的：

deviceName ：我无论填写什么值，在我的HTC Incredable S机器上都可以跑通测试，但是这项又是必须要填的。我用得Appium版本是V1.2.2。app ：如果填写了，appium会在目标机器上安装测试目标app，如果没有的话，会根据appActivity和appPackage去目标机器查找目标appappPackage :  可以通过sdk自带工具aapt获得appActivity:同样可以通过以上工具获得。有一点需要注意的是，值可以附加packageName，也可以不附加，也就是说以下两种填写方式都是对的“.NotesList"和”com.example.android.notepad.NotesList"

Appium server capabilities

Capability	Description	Values
automationName	Which automation engine to use	Appium (default) or Selendroid
platformName	Which mobile OS platform to use	iOS, Android, or FirefoxOS
platformVersion	Mobile OS version	e.g., 7.1, 4.4
deviceName	The kind of mobile device or emulator to use	iPhone Simulator, iPad Simulator, iPhone Retina 4-inch, Android Emulator, Galaxy S4, etc…
app	The absolute local path or remote http URL to an .ipa or .apk file, or a .zip containing one of these. Appium will attempt to install this app binary on the appropriate device first. Note that this capability is not required for Android if you specify appPackage and appActivity capabilities (see below). Incompatible with browserName.	/abs/path/to/my.apk or http://myapp.com/app.ipa
browserName	Name of mobile web browser to automate. Should be an empty string if automating an app instead.	‘Safari’ for iOS and ‘Chrome’, ‘Chromium’, or ‘Browser’ for Android
newCommandTimeout	How long (in seconds) Appium will wait for a new command from the client before assuming the client quit and ending the session	e.g. 60
autoLaunch	Whether to have Appium install and launch the app automatically. Default true	true, false
language	(Sim/Emu-only) Language to set for the simulator / emulator	e.g. fr
locale	(Sim/Emu-only) Locale to set for the simulator / emulator	e.g. fr_CA
udid	Unique device identifier of the connected physical device	e.g. 1ae203187fc012g
orientation	(Sim/Emu-only) start in a certain orientation	LANDSCAPE or PORTRAIT
autoWebview	Move directly into Webview context. Default false	true, false
noReset	Don’t reset app state before this session. Default false	true, false
fullReset	(iOS) Delete the entire simulator folder. (Android) Reset app state by uninstalling app instead of clearing app data. On Android, this will also remove the app after the session is complete. Default false	true, false

ANDROID ONLY

Capability	Description	Values
appActivity	Activity name for the Android activity you want to launch from your package	MainActivity, .Settings
appPackage	Java package of the Android app you want to run	com.example.android.myApp, com.android.settings
appWaitActivity	Activity name for the Android activity you want to wait for	SplashActivity
appWaitPackage	Java package of the Android app you want to wait for	com.example.android.myApp, com.android.settings
deviceReadyTimeout	Timeout in seconds while waiting for device to become ready	5
androidCoverage	Fully qualified instrumentation class. Passed to -w in adb shell am instrument -e coverage true -w	com.my.Pkg/com.my.Pkg.instrumentation.MyInstrumentation
enablePerformanceLogging	(Chrome and webview only) Enable Chromedriver’s performance logging (default false)	true, false
androidDeviceReadyTimeout	Timeout in seconds used to wait for a device to become ready after booting	e.g., 30
androidDeviceSocket	Devtools socket name. Needed only when tested app is a Chromium embedding browser. The socket is open by the browser and Chromedriver connects to it as a devtools client.	e.g., chrome_devtools_remote
avd	Name of avd to launch	e.g., api19
avdLaunchTimeout	How long to wait in milliseconds for an avd to launch and connect to ADB (default 120000)	300000
avdReadyTimeout	How long to wait in milliseconds for an avd to finish its boot animations (default 120000)	300000
avdArgs	Additional emulator arguments used when launching an avd	e.g., -netfast
useKeystore	Use a custom keystore to sign apks, default false	true or false
keystorePath	Path to custom keystore, default ~/.android/debug.keystore	e.g., /path/to.keystore
keystorePassword	Password for custom keystore	e.g., foo
keyAlias	Alias for key	e.g., androiddebugkey
keyPassword	Password for key	e.g., foo
chromedriverExecutable	The absolute local path to webdriver executable (if Chromium embedder provides its own webdriver, it should be used instead of original chromedriver bundled with Appium)	/abs/path/to/webdriver
specialChromedriverSessionArgs	Custom arguments passed directly to chromedriver in chromeOptions capability. Passed as object which properties depend on a specific webdriver.	e.g., {'androidDeviceSocket': 'opera_beta_devtools_remote',}
autoWebviewTimeout	Amount of time to wait for Webview context to become active, in ms. Defaults to 2000	e.g. 4
intentAction	Intent action which will be used to start activity (default android.intent.action.MAIN)	e.g.android.intent.action.MAIN, android.intent.action.VIEW
intentCategory	Intent category which will be used to start activity (default android.intent.category.LAUNCHER)	e.g. android.intent.category.LAUNCHER, android.intent.category.APP_CONTACTS
intentFlags	Flags that will be used to start activity (default 0x10200000)	e.g. 0x10200000
optionalIntentArguments	Additional intent arguments that will be used to start activity. See Intent arguments	e.g. --esn <EXTRA_KEY>, --ez <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_BOOLEAN_VALUE>, etc.
unicodeKeyboard	Enable Unicode input, default false	true or false
resetKeyboard	Reset keyboard to its original state, after running Unicode tests with unicodeKeyboard capability. Ignored if used alone. Default false	true or false

IOS ONLY

Capability	Description	Values
calendarFormat	(Sim-only) Calendar format to set for the iOS Simulator	e.g. gregorian
bundleId	Bundle ID of the app under test. Useful for starting an app on a real device or for using other caps which require the bundle ID during test startup	e.g. io.appium.TestApp
launchTimeout	Amount of time in ms to wait for instruments before assuming it hung and failing the session	e.g. 20000
locationServicesEnabled	(Sim-only) Force location services to be either on or off. Default is to keep current sim setting.	true orfalse
locationServicesAuthorized	(Sim-only) Set location services to be authorized or not authorized for app via plist, so that location services alert doesn’t pop up. Default is to keep current sim setting. Note that if you use this setting you MUST also use the bundleId capability to send in your app’s bundle ID.	true orfalse
autoAcceptAlerts	Accept iOS privacy access permission alerts (e.g., location, contacts, photos) automatically if they pop up. Default is false.	true orfalse
nativeInstrumentsLib	Use native intruments lib (ie disable instruments-without-delay).	true orfalse
nativeWebTap	(Sim-only) Enable “real”, non-javascript-based web taps in Safari. Default: false. Warning: depending on viewport size/ratio this might not accurately tap an element	true orfalse
safariAllowPopups	(Sim-only) Allow javascript to open new windows in Safari. Default keeps current sim setting	true orfalse
safariIgnoreFraudWarning	(Sim-only) Prevent Safari from showing a fraudulent website warning. Default keeps current sim setting.	true orfalse
safariOpenLinksInBackground	(Sim-only) Whether Safari should allow links to open in new windows. Default keeps current sim setting.	true orfalse
keepKeyChains	(Sim-only) Whether to keep keychains (Library/Keychains) when appium session is started/finished	true orfalse
localizableStringsDir	Where to look for localizable strings. Default en.lproj	en.lproj
processArguments	Arguments to pass to the AUT using instruments	e.g., -myflag
interKeyDelay	The delay, in ms, between keystrokes sent to an element when typing.	e.g., 100