Spring MVC
基于注解驱动的 Spring MVC 3.0
工作机制
配置方式
Web.xml
<!-- Spring Context初始化的配置文件 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/spring/*-config.xml
</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- Spring 容器启动监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
<!--
Servlet 配置与之对应的要有一个配置文件：
{servletname}-servlet.xml
此例应为：WEB-INF/flex-servlet.xml
-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>flex</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>flex</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
{servlet name}-servlet.xml
<!—
对web包中的所有类进行扫描，以完成Bean创建和自动依赖注入的功能
-->
<!--Supporting Spring MVC Infrastructure for RESTful @Controllers -->
<context:component-scanbase-package="com.dn" use-default-filters="false">
<context:include-filter
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"
type="annotation"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!—注解驱动方式 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<bean id="viewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ContentNegotiatingViewResolver">
<propertyname="mediaTypes">
<map>
<entrykey="amf" value="application/x-amf"/>
</map>
</property>
<propertyname="defaultViews">
<list>
<beanclass="org.springframework.flex.http.AmfView" />
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<beanid="jspViewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
<property name="viewClass"
value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
</bean>
prefix:则为前缀,也就是目录的地址, 一般以"WEB-INF/xx"为主,若为"/" 则为全局使用
suffix:则为后缀,也就是文件名的后缀.使用InternalResourceViewResolver类是只支持jsp,不支持html等其他后缀,如果强制加入其他后缀的话会出现死循环
基本知识
常用注解元素
@Controller
标注在Bean的类定义处
@RequestMapping
真正让Bean具备 Spring MVC Controller 功能的是 @RequestMapping 这个注解
@RequestMapping 可以标注在类定义处，将 Controller 和特定请求关联起来；
还可以标注在方法签名处，以便进一步对请求进行分流
配套的属性有：
value 需要跳转的地址
method 基于RestFul的跳转参数,有RequestMethod.get post put delete等
params 符合某个参数的时候才调用该方法
Headers 符合头信息的时候才调用
@SessionAttributes
将结果放入session内
@ModelAttribute
存储在响应内容ModelMap或者ModelAndView进行保存值传到前台，当如果你需要保存值比较少
的时候可以采用这种方式进行保存值并且保存到前台显示
在默认情况下，ModelMap 中的属性作用域是 request 级别，相当于HttpServletRequest中的request.setAttribute()一样, 在 JSP 视图页面中通过 request.getAttribute(“attribute name”) 或者通过
${ attribute name } EL 表达式访问模型对象中的属性对象
如果希望在ModelMap 的作用域范围为 session，可以有选择地指定 ModelMap 中的哪些属性需要转存到 session 中，以便下一个请求属对应的 ModelMap 的属性列表中还能访问到这些属性。这一功能是通过类定义处标注 @SessionAttributes 注解来实现如：
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/login.do")
@SessionAttributes("currUser")
public class BbtForumController {。。。。。}
@ResponseBody
标注后 返回String对象的结果为response内容体，不标注的话 作为dispatcher url使用
@PathVariable
允许将请求路径的制定内容当做求情的参数使用
返回类型
请求处理方法入参的可选类型 说明
void 此时逻辑视图名由请求处理方法对应的 URL 确定，如以下的方法：
@RequestMapping("/welcome.do")
public void welcomeHandler(){
}
对应的逻辑视图名为“welcome”
String 此时逻辑视图名为返回的字符，如以下的方法：
@RequestMapping(method =RequestMethod.GET)
public StringsetupForm(@RequestParam("ownerId") int ownerId, ModelMap model) {
Owner owner = this.clinic.loadOwner(ownerId);
model.addAttribute(owner);
return "ownerForm";
}
对应的逻辑视图名为“ownerForm”
ModelMap 和返回类型为 void 一样，逻辑视图名取决于对应请求的 URL，
如下面的例子：
@RequestMapping("/vets.do")
public ModelMapvetsHandler() {
return new ModelMap(this.clinic.getVets());
}
对应的逻辑视图名为“vets”，返回的 ModelMap 将被作为请求对应的模型对象，
可以在 JSP 视图页面中访问到。
ModelAndView
返回方式
1 使用无返回方法跳转,如果使用返回方法进行跳转的话,则会通过视图解析器进行以
prefix(前缀)+方法名+suffix(后缀)组成的页面文件名称.
2 使用一个返回的字符串方法作为跳转,使用字符串跳转的话好处就是在return的时候可
以自己指定返回的名字,JSP组成是prefix(前缀)+返回的字符串+suffix(后缀)
3 返回一个ModelAndView类型,使用setViewName方法则可以跳转到指定的页面.
路径匹配形式
1、单一Controller 对应 单一的请求路径
2、单一Controller 对应多个请求路径
3、单一Controller 对应多个请求路径，且路径内可以含有参数的形式
Demo code and UseCase
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/login.do")
publicclassSinglePathWithController {}
@Controller
@SessionAttributes(types = {UserBean.class,String.class},value={"currentUser","message"})
publicclassAdapterMultiPathController {}
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/rest")
publicclassRestWithController {}
无返回
//无返回值 无参数返回的是根据 prefix前缀+@RequestMapping value +suffix
后缀组成
@RequestMapping("/springmvc/common")
publicvoidnovoid(HttpServletRequest request) {
request.setAttribute("message", "novoid方法被调用");
}
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/springmvc/common
返回字符串
1、 作为视图路径方式
//根据路径直接匹配
@RequestMapping("/springmvc/multiReqPath1.do")
publicString multiReqPath1(HttpServletRequest request){
request.setAttribute("message", "multiReqPath1方法被调用");
return"springmvc/common";
}
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/springmvc/multiReqPath1.do
@RequestMapping("/springmvc/multiReqPath2.do")
publicString multiReqPath2(HttpServletRequest request){
request.setAttribute("message", "multiReqPath2方法被调用");
return"/springmvc/common";
}
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/springmvc/multiReqPath2.do
//根据参数匹配
@RequestMapping(params = "m=method1",method = RequestMethod.GET)
publicString method1(){
return"login/success";
}
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/login.do?m=method1&name=test
//有参数 参数名和请求url内的变量名一致
@RequestMapping(params = "m=method2")
publicString method2(String name,String pwd){
return name;
}
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/login.do?m=method2&name=success
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/login.do?m=method2&name=test
//测试下不存在的jsp时的情况
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/login.do?m=method2&name=testunexist
//有参数参数名和请求url内的变量名不一致
@RequestMapping(params = "m=method3",method = RequestMethod.GET)
publicString method3(@RequestParam("loginName")String name,@RequestParam("loginPwd")String pwd,HttpServletRequest request){
request.setAttribute("message",(name + " " + pwd));
return"login/"+name;
}
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/login.do?m=method3&loginName=test&loginPwd=123456
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/login.do?m=method3&loginName=test&loginPwd=123456789
//如果参数名与@RequestParam(参数名) 不一致时会报错
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/login.do?m=method3&loginName=test&pwd=123456
2、 作为Response内容方式
//无参数
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(params = "m=method4")
publicString method4(){
return"hello,guys";
}
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/login.do?m=method4
//处理方法入参如何绑定 URL 参数
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(params = "m=method5",method = RequestMethod.GET)
publicString method5(String name,String pwd,int delay){
return"name:"+name+","+"pwd:"+pwd+","+"delay:"+delay;
}
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/login.do?m=method5&name=rick&pwd=123&delay=10000
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(params = "m=method6",method = RequestMethod.GET)
publicString method6(@RequestParam("userName")String name,DnTest test){
return"DnTest:"+test.toString();
}
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/login.do?m=method6&userName=rick&type=DnType&name=rick&value=rick&id=10000
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/login.do?m=method6&userName=rick&type=DnType&name=austin&value=austin&id=10001
URL 参数: userName参数将绑定到name上 其他与DnTest类内属性名称一致的参数将绑定到test的对应的属性上，如果参数不全 也不会报错
返回ModelAndView
@RequestMapping("/springmvc/modelAndView")
publicModelAndView modelAndView(){
ModelAndView mav = newModelAndView();
mav.setViewName("/springmvc/common");
mav.addObject("message", "modelAndView方法被调用");
return mav;
}
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/springmvc/modelAndView
返回ModelMap
@RequestMapping("/springmvc/modelMap")
publicModelMap modelMap(ModelMap modMap){
List<String> names = newArrayList<String>();
names.add("Rick");
names.add("Austin");
modMap.put("names", names);
modMap.put("message", "hello guys");
modMap.put("comment", "hello guys");
return modMap;
}
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/springmvc/modelMap
返回ModelMap
@RequestMapping("/springmvc/modelMap")
publicModelMap modelAndView(ModelMap modMap){
List<String> names = newArrayList<String>();
names.add("Rick");
names.add("Austin");
modMap.put("hello", "hello guys");
modMap.put("names", names);
return modMap;
}
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/springmvc/modelMap
@SessionAttribute &ModMap
//注解方式
@Controller
@SessionAttributes(types = {UserBean.class,String.class},value={"currentUser","message"})
publicclassAdapterMultiPathController {}
//方法体
@RequestMapping("/springmvc/modelMap2")
publicModelMap modelMapWithSession(ModelMap modMap,HttpServletRequest request){
List<String> names = newArrayList<String>();
names.add("Rick");
names.add("Austin");
modMap.put("names",names);
modMap.put("message", "hello guys");
modMap.put("comment", "hello guys");
UserBean user = newUserBean();
user.setName("Rick");
user.setMobile("18938900256");
user.setTelephone(request.getParameter("userPhone"));
user.setNumber(request.getParameter("userNumber"));
modMap.put("currentUser", user);
return modMap;
}
//初次请求
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/springmvc/modelMap2
spring mvc & reverse ajax
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(params = "m=method7",method = RequestMethod.GET)
publicString method7(String name,String pwd,int delay,HttpServletRequest req){
req.startAsync();
Date startTime = newDate();
try {
Thread.currentThread().sleep(delay);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Date entTime = newDate();
return"name:"+name+","+"pwd:"+pwd+","+"delay:"+delay+",startTime:"+
DateUtils.formatDate(startTime, "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS")+",endTime:"+
DateUtils.formatDate(entTime, "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS");
}
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/login.do?m=method7&name=rick&pwd=1234566&delay=10000
RestFull
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/rest")
publicclassRestWithController {}
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(value = "/{msg}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
publicString restString(@PathVariableString msg) {
return msg;
}
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/rest/messageone
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(value = "/{path}/{value}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
publicString restXml(@PathVariableString path,@PathVariableString value) {
return"path:"+path+",value:"+value;
}
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/rest/xmlresources/assestlist
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(value = "/xml/{filename}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
publicString restFile(@PathVariableString filename) {
if (filename!=null) {
ProjectInits init = ProjectInits.getInstance();
String dir = init.get("resource.dir", "C:/Projects/VoyagerWeb/resources");
FileUtility fUtil = newFileUtility();
String content = fUtil.readFile(dir+"/"+filename+".xml");
return content;
}
else
return"Invalid xmlfile name ["+filename+"]";
}
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/rest/xml/AddOnSelection
验证 是否支持Overload
方式一
//验证是否支持Overload
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(value = "/validate/overload1", method = RequestMethod.GET)
publicString overloadMethod(String name){
return name;
}
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/validate/overload1?name=rick
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(value = "/validate/overload2", method = RequestMethod.GET)
publicString overloadMethod(String name,DnTest test){
return"DnTest:"+test.toString();
}
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/validate/overload2?name=rick
方式二
/验证是否支持Overload
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(params = "m=method11")
publicString method11(String name){
return name;
}
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(params = "m=method11")
publicString method11(int age,DnTest test){
return"DnTest:"+test.toString();
}
http://localhost:8088/framework-web/login.do?m=method11&name=rick
参考资料
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-lo-spring25-mvc/
http://blog.springsource.org/2009/03/08/rest-in-spring-3-mvc/
http://www.congci.com/item/spring,mvc,restful,url
http://static.springsource.org/spring/docs/2.0.x/reference/mvc.html
http://hi.baidu.com/sunnysunshien/blog/item/6d5cbd536e18a5521138c27b.html
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-lo-spring25-mvc/
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