Tornado Web 开发 框架搭建 (1)
环境配置
使 用 python 3.3 和tornado, 其实也是个人兴趣问题,然后数据库也使用mysql, 这里 使用oracle 自家的 mysql-connector. 自然,orm就选择 sqlalchemy了. 模板引擎使用jinja2, form验证考虑wtforms。
项目配置大概如上。之后可能使用全文检索和数据库逐步更新功能，因此又附加了 alembic 和 whoosh 俩个包。
入口
先看下 入口 server.py
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#coding=utf-8
import
tornado.ioloop
from
tornado.options
import
define, options
from
lib.base
import
MainApplication
from
lib.routes
import
make_handlers, include
from
settings
import
URL_PREFIX
# Options
#define("port", default=8888, help="run on the given port", type=int)
#define("db_path", default='sqlite:////tmp/test.db', type=str)
settings
=
{
"template_path"
:
"template"
,
"static_path"
:
"static"
,
"debug"
:
True
,
#"logging": "debug",
"login_url"
:
'/login'
,
"cookie_secret"
:
"61oETzKXQAGaYdkL5gEmGeJJFuYh7EQnp2XdTP1o/Vo="
,
"xsrf_cookies"
:
True
,
}
#application = MainApplication([#tornado.web.Application([
# (r"/", MainHandler),
#],**settings)
application
=
MainApplication(make_handlers(URL_PREFIX,
(r
'/'
, include(
'handlers.index'
)),
(r
'/'
, include(
'handlers.user'
)),
(r
'/'
, include(
'handlers.userGroup'
)),
),
*
*
settings)
if
__name__
=
=
"__main__"
:
application.listen(
8888
)
tornado.options.options.logging
=
"debug"
tornado.options.parse_command_line()
tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
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ROUTE
为了给tornado 实现 每个handler 单独配置url,
类似这样
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@route
(
'login/'
, name
=
'login'
)
class
LoginHandler(BaseHandler):
@tornado
.web.asynchronous
def
get(
self
):
self
.render(
"login.html"
)
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这里自己建了一个routes.py 参考 https://github.com/troolee/tornado-routes
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#coding=utf-8
from
pprint
import
pformat
import
re
import
logging
from
tornado
import
web
from
tornado.web
import
URLSpec
logger
=
logging.getLogger(__name__)
__ALL__
=
(
'make_handlers'
,
'include'
,
'route'
,
'routes'
, )
def
handler_repr(
cls
):
return
re.search(
"'(.+)'"
,
repr
(
cls
)).groups()[
0
]
class
HandlersList(
object
):
def
__init__(
self
, prefix, items):
self
.prefix
=
prefix
self
.items
=
items
def
get_handler_name(
self
, handler, r):
name
=
getattr
(handler,
'url_name'
,
None
)
if
name:
return
name
if
hasattr
(handler,
'get_url_name'
):
name
=
handler.get_url_name(
*
r)
if
name:
return
name
if
len
(r)
=
=
3
and
'url_name'
in
r[
2
]:
name
=
r[
2
].pop(
'url_name'
)
if
name:
return
name
return
handler_repr(handler)
def
build(
self
, prefix
=
None
):
prefix
=
prefix
or
self
.prefix
or
''
res
=
[]
for
r
in
self
.items:
print
(r)
route
=
'/'
+
'/'
.join([prefix.strip(
'/'
)]
+
r[
0
].strip(
'/'
).split(
'/'
)).strip(
'/'
)
print
(route)
if
isinstance
(r[
1
], HandlersList):
res
+
=
r[
1
].build(route)
elif
isinstance
(r[
1
],
str
):
m
=
r[
1
].split(
'.'
)
ms, m, h
=
'.'
.join(m[:
-
1
]), m[
-
2
], m[
-
1
]
m
=
__import__
(ms, fromlist
=
[m], level
=
0
)
handler
=
getattr
(m, h)[
0
]
d
=
{
'name'
:
self
.get_handler_name(handler, r)}
#d.update(r[2:])
d[
'kwargs'
]
=
{}
if
len
(r)
=
=
3
:
d[
'kwargs'
]
=
r[
2
]
res.append(URLSpec(route, handler,
*
*
d))
if
len
(route) >
1
:
#d['kwargs']['url'] = route;
d.pop(
'name'
)
res.append(URLSpec(route
+
'/'
, handler,
*
*
d))
else
:
handler
=
r[
1
:][
0
]
d
=
{
'name'
:
self
.get_handler_name(handler, r)}
d[
'kwargs'
]
=
{}
if
len
(r)
=
=
3
:
d[
'kwargs'
]
=
r[
2
]
res.append(URLSpec(route, handler,
*
*
d))
if
len
(route) >
1
:
#d['kwargs']['url'] = route;
d.pop(
'name'
)
res.append(URLSpec(route
+
'/'
, handler,
*
*
d))
return
res
def
make_handlers(prefix,
*
args):
res
=
tuple
(HandlersList(prefix, args).build())
rr
=
[(x.regex.pattern, x.handler_class, x.kwargs, x.name)
for
x
in
res]
logger.debug(
'\n'
+
pformat(
sorted
(rr, key
=
lambda
a: a[
0
]), width
=
200
))
return
res
def
include(module):
def
load_module(m):
m
=
m.split(
'.'
)
ms, m
=
'.'
.join(m), m[
-
1
]
m
=
__import__
(ms, fromlist
=
[m], level
=
0
)
return
m
if
isinstance
(module, (
str
,)):
module
=
load_module(module)
routes
=
[]
for
member
in
dir
(module):
member
=
getattr
(module, member)
if
isinstance
(member,
type
)
and
issubclass
(member, web.RequestHandler)
and
hasattr
(member,
'routes'
):
i
=
1
for
route_path, route_params
in
member.routes:
route_path.strip(
'/'
)
if
not
route_params:
route_params
=
{}
if
'url_name'
not
in
route_params:
route_params[
'url_name'
]
=
'%s~%d'
%
(handler_repr(member), i)
routes.append((route_path, member, route_params))
i
+
=
1
elif
isinstance
(member,
type
)
and
issubclass
(member, web.RequestHandler)
and
hasattr
(member,
'route_path'
):
route_path, route_params
=
member.route_path, member.route_params
route_path.strip(
'/'
)
if
route_params:
routes.append((route_path, member, route_params))
else
:
routes.append((route_path, member))
elif
isinstance
(member,
type
)
and
issubclass
(member, web.RequestHandler)
and
hasattr
(member,
'rest_route_path'
):
route_path, route_params
=
member.rest_route_path, member.route_params
route_path.strip(
'/'
)
if
route_params:
routes.append((route_path, member, route_params))
routes.append((route_path
+
r
'/([0-9]+)'
, member, route_params))
else
:
routes.append((route_path, member))
routes.append((route_path
+
r
'/([0-9]+)'
, member))
return
HandlersList(
None
, routes)
route_classes
=
{}
def
route(path, params
=
None
, name
=
None
):
params
=
params
or
{}
def
decorator(
cls
):
if
repr
(
cls
)
in
route_classes:
raise
Exception(
'Cannot bind route "%s" to %s. It already has route to "%s".'
%
(path,
cls
, route_classes[
repr
(
cls
)]))
route_classes[
repr
(
cls
)]
=
path
cls
.route_path
=
path
cls
.route_params
=
params
url_name
=
params.pop(
'url_name'
, name)
cls
.url_name
=
url_name
return
cls
return
decorator
def
routes(
*
routes):
def
decorator(
cls
):
cls
.routes
=
routes
return
cls
return
decorator
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同时支持url后缀带斜杠和不带斜杠的处理
配置好的route 还可以这样用
<a href="{{ reverse_url('login') }}">Login</a>