使用元数据+反射优化CURD操作+DBUtils

元数据的使用
  1)想取得对数据库相关信息的描述,可以元数据
  2)DatabaseMetaData/DatabaseMetaData dbmd = conn.getMetaData()
  3)ParameterMetaData/ParameterMetaData psmd = pstmt.getParameterMetaData();
  4)ResultSetMetaData/ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();

取得结果集相关的,sql语句相关的,数据库相关的元数据

package cn.itcast.web.jdbc.dao;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;

import cn.itcast.web.jdbc.util.JdbcUtil;

//演示三种元数据库的用法
public class Demo1 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		Connection conn = JdbcUtil.getMySqlConnection();
		String sql = "select * from user";
		PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
		ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
		//取得结果集的相关元数据
		ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();
		int size = rsmd.getColumnCount();   //获取总共有多少列
		for(int i=0;i<size;i++){
			//取得每列的列名
			String columnName = rsmd.getColumnName(i+1);    //从 1 开始的
			//取得每列的类型
			int typeCode = rsmd.getColumnType(i+1);
			System.out.println(columnName+":"+typeCode);
		}
		/*取得有关SQL的相关元数据
		String sql = "insert into user(username,password,birthday,salary) values(?,?,?,?)";
		ParameterMetaData psmd = pstmt.getParameterMetaData();
		//得到sql语句有多少个参数
		int size = psmd.getParameterCount();
		System.out.println("共有" + size+"个参数");
		*/
		/*取得DataBaseMetaData
		DatabaseMetaData dbmd = conn.getMetaData();
		String driver = dbmd.getDriverName();   //驱动路径
		String url = dbmd.getURL();          //connect连接的参数,包括协议,用户名和密码
		int level = dbmd.getDefaultTransactionIsolation();  隔离等级
		String productName = dbmd.getDatabaseProductName();  返回产品名称   MySql
		boolean flag = dbmd.isReadOnly();  判断是不是只读,有一些数据库是只能读取,也就是说只能select。。。
		System.out.println("flag="+flag);
		System.out.println("driver="+driver);
		System.out.println("url="+url);
		System.out.println("level="+level);
		System.out.println("productName="+productName);
		*/
	}
}
使用元数据+反射优化CURD操作

package cn.itcast.web.jdbc.dao;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ParameterMetaData;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;

import cn.itcast.web.jdbc.domain.User;
import cn.itcast.web.jdbc.util.JdbcUtil;

//使用元数据+反射优化CURD操作
public class Demo2 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		//String sql = "insert into user(username,password,birthday,salary) values(?,?,?,?)";
		//Object[] params = {"sisi","000000","2011-10-28",5000};
		//String sql = "update user set username=? where username=?";
		//String sql = "delete from user where id = ?";
		//update(sql,new Object[]{2});
		String sql = "select * from user where id = ?";
		//自动把获取的数据封转到一个javabean对象中去
		User user = (User) query(sql,new Object[]{1},User.class);
		System.out.println("用户名:" + user.getUsername());
		System.out.println("密码:" + user.getPassword());
		System.out.println("生日:" + user.getBirthday().toLocaleString());
		System.out.println("薪水:" + user.getSalary());
	}
	
	//R操作(通用的方法)
	public static Object query(String sql,Object[] params,Class clazz) throws Exception {
		Object obj = clazz.newInstance();
		Connection conn = JdbcUtil.getMySqlConnection();
		PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
		ParameterMetaData psmd = pstmt.getParameterMetaData();
		int size = psmd.getParameterCount();
		for(int i=0;i<size;i++){
			pstmt.setObject(i+1,params[i]);
		}
		ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
		if(rs.next()){
			//取得结果集元数据
			ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();
			//取得结果集列数目
			size = rsmd.getColumnCount();
			//以列值为单位,设置到JavaBean中去
			for(int i=0;i<size;i++){
				//取得列名
				String columnName = rsmd.getColumnName(i+1);
				//通过BeanUtils框架为JavaBean设置值
				BeanUtils.setProperty(obj,columnName,rs.getObject(i+1));  //需要导入两个jar包
			}
		}
		JdbcUtil.close(rs);
		JdbcUtil.close(pstmt);
		JdbcUtil.close(conn);
		return obj;
	}	
	
	
	
	//CUD操作(通用的方法)
	public static void update(String sql,Object[] params) throws SQLException {
		Connection conn = JdbcUtil.getMySqlConnection();
		PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
		//取得参数元数据
		ParameterMetaData psmd = pstmt.getParameterMetaData();
		//取得参数的个数
		
		//正常情况下也是可以使用数据的获取长度方法而不使用元数据类的,但是如果用户无聊在数据多输入几个空格,那么获取的长度就不一致了
		//Object[] params = {"sisi","000000","2011-10-28",5000,"","",""};
		int size = psmd.getParameterCount();
		//循环绑定对象的值
		for(int i=0;i<size;i++){
			pstmt.setObject(i+1,params[i]);
		}
		//执行
		pstmt.executeUpdate();
		//关闭对应的连接对象
		JdbcUtil.close(conn);
		JdbcUtil.close(pstmt);
	}
}







使用元数据+反射优化CURD操作+DBUtils

使用元数据+反射优化CURD操作+DBUtils

使用元数据+反射优化CURD操作+DBUtils

DBUtils框架的使用:实现原理和自己用元数据封装CRUD操作差不多。

  1)目的:减化CURD操作
  2)DBUtils框架最核心的类,就是QueryRunner类,构造其有二种方式
    a)空参构造
    b)通过DataSource构造
  3)DBUtils对象的update()方法,内部已经关闭相关的连接对象
  4)update(Connection)方法带有Connection对象的,需要手工关闭,其它对象自动关闭
    update()方法无Connection对象的,DBUtils框架自动关闭
  5)为什么作者要这样设计?
    主要考虑了在分层结构中,需要用到同一个Connection的问题     在连接池取connection肯定是随机的,只要能获取到就行了
  6)对于query()操作与update()操作有着一致的含义      update是用在delect,update,insert       query是用在select

演示DBUtils框架的使用

package cn.itcast.web.jdbc.dao;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;

import cn.itcast.web.jdbc.util.JdbcUtil;

//演示DBUtils框架的使用
public class Demo3 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
		//QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtil.getDataSource());
		//String sql = "insert into user(username,password,birthday,salary) values(?,?,?,?)";
		//String sql = "update user set username=? where username=?";
		//String sql = "delete from user where id = ?";
		//updata有多个重载方法
		//runner.update(sql,new Object[]{4});
		
		Connection conn = JdbcUtil.getMySqlConnection();
		//这里是没有参数的,也就是没有带一个数据源,那就需要自己获取一个connection对象
		//然后在后面update就要使用到这个connection,而且还要自己关闭connection
		QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner();
		String sql = "insert into user(username,password,birthday,salary) values(?,?,?,?)";
		runner.update(conn,sql,new Object[]{"tim","111222","2011-10-10",5000});		
		JdbcUtil.close(conn);
	}
}






 对于query()操作的实现类含义如下
    BeanHandler/BeanListHandler:争对JavaBean
    ArrayHandler/ArrayListHandler:争对数组
    MapHandler/MapListHandler:争对Map
    ScalarHandler:争对Long

package cn.itcast.web.jdbc.dao;

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ArrayHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ArrayListHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapListHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ScalarHandler;
import org.junit.Test;

import cn.itcast.web.jdbc.domain.User;
import cn.itcast.web.jdbc.util.JdbcUtil;

//演示ResultSetHandler接口的各种实现类的用法
public class Demo4 {
	@Test
	public void testBeanHandler() throws SQLException{   //存放在javabean里面
		QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtil.getDataSource());
		String sql = "select * from user where id = ?";
		User user = (User) runner.query(sql,1,new BeanHandler(User.class));  //sql语句的参数的传递方法
		System.out.println("用户名:" + user.getUsername());
	}
	@Test
	public void testBeanListHandler() throws SQLException{
		QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtil.getDataSource());
		String sql = "select * from user";
		List<User> userList = (List<User>) runner.query(sql,new BeanListHandler(User.class));
		for(User user : userList){
			System.out.println("用户名:" + user.getUsername());
			System.out.println("密码:" + user.getPassword());
		}
	}
	@Test
	public void testArrayHandler() throws SQLException{//存放在一个数组里面
		QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtil.getDataSource());
		String sql = "select * from user";
		Object[] array = (Object[]) runner.query(sql,new ArrayHandler());
		System.out.println("编号 : " + array[0]);
		System.out.println("用户名 : " + array[1]);
	}
	@Test
	public void testArrayListHandler() throws SQLException{
		QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtil.getDataSource());
		String sql = "select * from user";
		List<Object[]> list = (List<Object[]>) runner.query(sql,new ArrayListHandler());
		for(Object[] array : list){
			System.out.print("编号 : " + array[0] + "\t");
			System.out.println("用户名 : " + array[1]);
		}
	}
	@Test
	public void testMapHandler() throws SQLException{//存放在一个Map集合里面
		QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtil.getDataSource());
		String sql = "select * from user";
		Map<Object,Object> map = (Map<Object, Object>) runner.query(sql,new MapHandler());
		System.out.println("用户名:" + map.get("username"));
	}
	@Test
	public void testMapListHandler() throws SQLException{
		QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtil.getDataSource());
		String sql = "select * from user";
		List<Map<Object,Object>> list = (List<Map<Object, Object>>) runner.query(sql,new MapListHandler());
		for(Map<Object,Object> map : list){
			System.out.println("用户名:" + map.get("username"));
			System.out.println("薪水:" + map.get("salary"));
		}
	}
	@Test
	public void testScalarHandler() throws SQLException{	//特殊的获取数据方式
		QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtil.getDataSource());
		String sql = "select count(*) from user";
		Long sum = (Long) runner.query(sql,new ScalarHandler());
		System.out.println("共有" + sum + "人");
	}
}





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