Android自学之路-- 03：访问通讯录，并向通讯录中添加联系人

有时应用开发需要访问通讯录，对手机通讯录进行读写操作。这时就需要用到ContentProvider。

我们通过一个小的案例来学习如何实现此功能。

package cn.meng.test;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import android.content.ContentProviderOperation;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
import android.util.Log;

public class ContactsTest extends AndroidTestCase{
    private static final String TAG = "ContactsTest";
    
    //获取所有联系人
    public void testContacts(){
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/contacts");
        //获得ContentResolver
        ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();
        Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, new String[]{"_id"}, null, null, null);
        while(cursor.moveToNext()){
            int contactsId = cursor.getInt(0);
            //访问某个联系人下的所有数据
            uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/contacts/" + contactsId + "/data");
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("contactsId="+contactsId);
            Cursor datacursor = resolver.query(uri, new String[]{"mimetype","data1","data2"}, null, null, null);
            while(datacursor.moveToNext()){
                String data = datacursor.getString(datacursor.getColumnIndex("data1"));
                String type = datacursor.getString(datacursor.getColumnIndex("mimetype"));
                if("vnd.android.cursor.item/name".equals(type)){
                    //姓名
                    sb.append(",name="+data);
                }else if("vnd.android.cursor.item/email_v2".equals(type)){
                    //邮件
                    sb.append(",email="+data);
                }else if("vnd.android.cursor.item/phone_v2".equals(type)){
                    //电话
                    sb.append(",phone="+data);
                }
            }
            Log.i(TAG, sb.toString());
            
        }
    }
    
    //根据号码查找联系人的姓名
    public void testContactNameByPhone(){
        String phoneNum = "5633288";
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/data/phones/filter/"+phoneNum);
        //获得ContentResolver
        ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();
        Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, new String[]{"display_name"}, null, null, null);
        while(cursor.moveToNext()){
            String name = cursor.getString(0);
            Log.i(TAG, name);
            
        }
        cursor.close();
    }
    
    //向通讯录中添加联系人,此步骤是分开的，如果有部分错误，错误的添加不进去，不影响其他，有弊端
    public void testAddContact()throws Exception{
        //向raw_contacts表中添加数据
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/raw_contacts");
        //获得ContentResolver
        ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();
        long contactsId = ContentUris.parseId(resolver.insert(uri, new ContentValues()));
        
        //向data表中添加数据
        uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/data");
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put("raw_contact_id", contactsId);
        values.put("mimetype", "vnd.android.cursor.item/name");//姓名
        values.put("data2", "大大");
        resolver.insert(uri,values);
        
        values.clear();
        values.put("raw_contact_id", contactsId);
        values.put("mimetype", "vnd.android.cursor.item/phone_v2");//电话
        values.put("data1", "13831056895");
        values.put("data2", "2");
        resolver.insert(uri,values);
        
        values.clear();
        values.put("raw_contact_id", contactsId);
        values.put("mimetype", "vnd.android.cursor.item/email_v2");//邮箱
        values.put("data1", "[email protected]");
        values.put("data2", "1");
        resolver.insert(uri,values);
        
    }
    
    //向通讯录中添加联系人，整体作为一个步骤，有部分出错，就添加不进去联系人信息
    public void testAddContact2()throws Exception{
        //向raw_contacts表中添加数据
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/raw_contacts");
        //获得ContentResolver
        ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();
        ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation> operations = new ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation>();
        
        ContentProviderOperation op1 = ContentProviderOperation.newInsert(uri)
            .withValue("account_name", null).build();
        
        operations.add(op1);
        
        //向data表中添加数据
        uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/data");
        //0指的是operations集合下标为0的第一个元素，获得Id
        ContentProviderOperation op2 = ContentProviderOperation.newInsert(uri)
            .withValueBackReference("raw_contact_id", 0)
            .withValue("mimetype", "vnd.android.cursor.item/name")
            .withValue("data2", "小小")
            .build();
        operations.add(op2);
        
        ContentProviderOperation op3 = ContentProviderOperation.newInsert(uri)
            .withValueBackReference("raw_contact_id", 0)
            .withValue("mimetype", "vnd.android.cursor.item/phone_v2")
            .withValue("data1", "13523568963")
            .withValue("data2", "2")
            .build();
        operations.add(op3);
    
        ContentProviderOperation op4 = ContentProviderOperation.newInsert(uri)
            .withValueBackReference("raw_contact_id", 0)
            .withValue("mimetype", "vnd.android.cursor.item/email_v2")
            .withValue("data1", "[email protected]")
            .withValue("data2", "1")
            .build();
        operations.add(op4);
        
        resolver.applyBatch("com.android.contacts", operations);
        
    }
}

项目清单配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="cn.meng.contacts"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="14" />
    <!-- 申请读写权限 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS" />

    <application
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name" >
        <activity
            android:label="@string/app_name"
            android:name=".MainActivity" >
            <intent-filter >
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        
         <!-- 单元测试 -->
        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner"/>
    </application>

     <!-- 单元测试 -->
    <instrumentation 
            android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner"
            android:targetPackage="cn.meng.contacts"></instrumentation>

</manifest>