oracle常用命令

2014-04-01

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1.oracle监听

vim /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

=========================

LISTENER =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.10.54.243)(PORT = 1521))

    )

  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

==================================

lsnrctl stop/start --停止/启动监听

lsnrctl status     --监听状态

2.配置连接标识符

vim /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora 

=================================

ORCL =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.10.54.53)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

##指定远程数据库

orcl243 =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.10.54.243)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

=======================================

shell>sql sys/oracle@orcl243 as sysdba

##登录

测试：shell>tnsping orcl243

      shell>sql scott/tiger@orcl243

3.sqlplus连接语法

{<username>[/<password>][@<connect_identifier>] | / }

     [AS {SYSDBA | SYSOPER | SYSASM}] [EDITION=value]

4.常用命令

登录：sql  /  as sysdba

查看当前用户：show user;

切换远程用户：conn socott/tiger@orcl243;

切换本机用户：conn socott/tiger

5.常用变量

##设置每行显示字符数

SQL> set linesize 100;

##设置每页显示行数

SQL> set pagesize 20;

SQL> select * from dba_objects where rownum<21;

6.开启屏幕输出

##开启前

SQL> BEGIN

BEGIN

  2  dbms_output.put_line('This is the first line');

dbms_output.put_line('This is the first line');

  3  END;

END;

  4  /

/

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> set serverout on --开启

##开启后

SQL> BEGIN

BEGIN

  2  dbms_output.put_line('This is the first line');

dbms_output.put_line('This is the first line');

  3  END;

END;

  4  /

/

This is the first line

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

##改变SQL样式

[oracle@oracle53 ~]$ vim /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/sqlplus/admin/glogin.sql

===========================================

ALTER SESSION SET nls_date_format = 'HH:MM:SS';

SET SQLPROMPT "_USER'@'_CONNECT_IDENTIFIER _DATE> "

SET PAGESIZE 24

SET LINESIZE 78

SET NUMFORMAT $99,999

============================================

7.回收站

SQL>show recyclebin;

SQL>purge recyclebin; --清空

##还原回收站

SQL>flashback table yangry to before drop;

##查看参数

show parameters;

select file#,name from v$datafile;

##显示任意指定列的属性

cloumn name format a50;

col name  for a50;   --简写

8.将SQL缓冲区内容保存到文件中

SQL>select username,process,sid,serial# from v$session where status='ACTIVE'

  2  .

SQL> save status.sql

Created file status.sql

##执行脚本

SQL>@status.sql

SQL>/

##查看归档

archive log list;

9.oracle 逻辑体系结构：block(块)---extent(区)---segment(段)----tablespace(表空间)

block为8KB（8192字节），为oracle最小的逻辑单位

oracle最小扩展单位为区，默认为1MB

SYS@orcl 10:55:02>show parameter db_block_size;

NAME     TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

db_block_size     integer 8192

##查看表空间

SYS@orcl 11:04:10> desc dba_tablespaces;

SYS@orcl 11:11:35>select tablespace_name,block_size from dba_tablespaces;

10.为用户创建表空间

（1）创建表空间

SYS@orcl 11:17:14>create tablespace tbs_01 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs_01.dbf'  

  2  size 100m extent management local segment space management auto;

（2）创建用户

SYS@orcl 11:19:06>create user xiaoq identified by xiaoq default tablespace tbs_01  temporary tablespace temp;

SYS@orcl 11:20:29>grant dba to xiaoq;

（3）切换用户

SYS@orcl 11:04:38> conn xiaoq/xiaoq;

XIAOQ@orcl 11:04:52> create table ssr(id int) tablespace tbs_01;

create table ssr(id int) tablespace tbs_01;

（4）插入数据，其中dual是虚表

XIAOQ@orcl 11:04:32> insert into ssr select rownum from dual connect by level <=1000; 

XIAOQ@orcl 11:04:22> commit;

（5）查看表空间

XIAOQ@orcl 11:04:16> select segment_name,extent_id,tablespace_name,bytes/1024/1024 bytes_mb,blocks from user_extents where segment_name='SSR';

11.删除表空间重新创建

XIAOQ@orcl 11:04:03> drop table ssr purge;

XIAOQ@orcl 11:04:46> col segment_name for a20;

XIAOQ@orcl 11:04:43> col tablespace_name for a20;

XIAOQ@orcl 11:04:28> set linesize 300;

XIAOQ@orcl 11:04:01> insert into ssr select rownum from dual connect by level <=1000;

XIAOQ@orcl 11:04:58> select segment_name,segment_type,tablespace_name,blocks,extents,bytes/1024/1024 bytes_mb from user_segments where segment_name='SSR';

##创建索引

XIAOQ@orcl 11:04:30> create index idx_id on ssr(id);

XIAOQ@orcl 11:04:14> select count(*) from user_exents where segment_name='IDX_ID';

12.调整blocksize

XIAOQ@orcl 11:04:23> show parameter cache_size;

XIAOQ@orcl 11:04:28> alter system set db_16k_cache_size=100m;

XIAOQ@orcl 11:04:31> create tablespace tbs_16k blocksize 16k datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs_16k_01.dbf' size 100m autoextend on extent management local segment space management auto;

XIAOQ@orcl 11:04:53> select tablespace_name,block_size from dba_tablespaces;

13.系统默认表空间

YANGRY@orcl 19:39:56>select tablespace_name,block_size from dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME      BLOCK_SIZE

-------------------- ----------

SYSTEM   8192

SYSAUX   8192

UNDOTBS1   8192

TEMP   8192

USERS   8192

14.查看oracle系统后台进程

shell> ps -ef|grep orcl

SQL>select paddr,description from v$bgprocess where paddr !='00' order by paddr desc;

##进程解析

日志写入器进程：LGWR

归档进程：ARCN

检查点进程：CKPT

进程监控器进程：PMONC

诊断性进程:DIAO,在oracle11g之前的版本，该进程用于rac环境。负责监视实例的整体情况，而且会捕获实例失败的所需信息。

vktm：虚拟时间管理器，为oracle实现一个一致的，细粒度的时钟。

gen0:通用任务执行进程，分担另外某个进程的阻塞处理，并在后台完成所阻塞的操作。

dbrm:数据库资源管理进程，实现一个数据库实例配置的资源计划。

psp0:进程生气器，负责生成各个后台进程/线程，会在实例启动时完成它的大部分工作

15.修改oracle归档模式

(1)连接系统用户

YANGRY@orcl 19:57:29>conn sys/oracle as sysdba

(2)查看归档状态

SYS@orcl 20:15:22>archive log list;

Database log mode       No Archive Mode

Automatic archival       Disabled

Archive destination       USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

Oldest online log sequence     22

Current log sequence       24

(3)关闭

SYS@orcl 20:15:26>shutdown immediate;

(4)启动

SYS@orcl 20:15:50>startup mount;

(5)归档

SYS@orcl >alter database archivelog;

（6）打开

SYS@orcl >alter database open;

（7）查看归档

SYS@orcl >select name,created,log_mode from v$database;

NAME   CREATED   LOG_MODE

-------------------------------------------------- --------- ------------

ORCL   31-MAR-14 ARCHIVELOG

SYS@orcl >show parameter db_recovery_file_dest;

NAME     TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

db_recovery_file_dest     string /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery

_area

db_recovery_file_dest_size     big integer 3882M

SYS@orcl >alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=2g;

System altered.

SYS@orcl >show parameter db_recovery_file_dest;

NAME     TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

db_recovery_file_dest     string /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery

_area

db_recovery_file_dest_size     big integer 2G

16.oracle启动3个过程：nomount---->mount---->open

（1）nomount状态，启动实例

SYS@orcl >startup nomount;

---oracle参数文件(spfile/pfile)

SYS@orcl >show parameter spfile;

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------ ---------- -----------

spfile string /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora

---创建pfile --init$ORACLE_SID.ora  命令方式

SYS@orcl >create pfile from spfile;

File created.

（2）mount状态，打开控制文件

SYS@orcl >startup mount;

ORA-01081: cannot start already-running ORACLE - shut it down first

SYS@orcl >select * from v$controlfile;

no rows selected

SYS@orcl >select * from v$controlfile;

STATUS NAME   IS_ BLOCK_SIZE

------- -------------------------------------------------- --- ----------

FILE_SIZE_BLKS

--------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl   NO    16384

  594

/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02 NO    16384

.ctl

  594

##获取控制文件内容

SYS@orcl >alter database backup controlfile to trace;

Database altered.

SYS@orcl >select * from v$diag_info where name='Default Trace File';

   INST_ID NAME

---------- --------------------------------------------------

VALUE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 Default Trace File

/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_30452.trc

（3）open状态，打开控制文件中描述的文件

SYS@orcl >alter database open;

Database altered.