用户关闭关闭程序,需要做一些善后的清理工作,但问题是,某些用户不会按照推荐的方法关闭应用程序,肯能导致善后工作无法进行。像tomcat调用server的start方法启动容器,然后会逐级调用start。当发出关闭命令是会启动关闭功能,但是关闭可能会有一些意外产生,导致应用程序没有进入到我们制定的关闭方法去。如何解决这个问题呢,使得即使有意外也能正常进入关闭流程。
好在java提供了一种优雅的方式去解决这种问题。使得关闭的善后处理的代码能执行。java的关闭钩子能确保总是执行,无论用户如何终止应用程序。除非用户kill,这个是个死穴。
对java而言,虚拟机会对以下几种操作进行关闭:
(1)系统调用System.exit()方法
(2)程序最后一个守护线程退出时,应用程序正常退出。
(3)用户强行中断程序运行,比如ctrl+c等其他方式中断java程序
幸运的是,虚拟机在执行关闭操作时,会经过一下两个阶段:
(1)虚拟机启动所有已经注册的关闭钩子,如果有的话。关闭钩子是先前已经通过RunTime类注册的线程,所有的关闭钩子会并发执行,直到完成任务;
(2)虚拟机根据情况调用所有没有被调用过的终结器(finalizer)。(在这里不讨论)
关闭钩子的生成:
1.创建Thread的子类
2.实现run方法,应用程序关闭时会调用该方法,不需要调用start方法
3.在应用中实例化关闭钩子类
4.使用Runtime注册关闭钩子
例子如下:
ShutdownHookDemo
package test; public class ShutdownHookDemo { public void start() { System.out.println("Demo"); ShutdownHook shutdownHook = new ShutdownHook(); Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownHook); } public static void main(String[] args) { ShutdownHookDemo demo = new ShutdownHookDemo(); demo.start(); try { System.in.read(); } catch(Exception e) { } System.out.println("Normal exit"); } } class ShutdownHook extends Thread { public void run() { System.out.println("Shutting down"); } }
MySwingApp
package ex16.pyrmont.shutdownhook; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; public class MySwingApp extends JFrame { JButton exitButton = new JButton(); JTextArea jTextArea1 = new JTextArea(); String dir = System.getProperty("user.dir"); String filename = "temp.txt"; public MySwingApp() { exitButton.setText("Exit"); exitButton.setBounds(new Rectangle(304, 248, 76, 37)); exitButton.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { exitButton_actionPerformed(e); } }); this.getContentPane().setLayout(null); jTextArea1.setText("Click the Exit button to quit"); jTextArea1.setBounds(new Rectangle(9, 7, 371, 235)); this.getContentPane().add(exitButton, null); this.getContentPane().add(jTextArea1, null); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE); this.setBounds(0,0, 400, 330); this.setVisible(true); initialize(); } private void initialize() { // create a temp file File file = new File(dir, filename); try { System.out.println("Creating temporary file"); file.createNewFile(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("Failed creating temporary file."); } } private void shutdown() { // delete the temp file File file = new File(dir, filename); if (file.exists()) { System.out.println("Deleting temporary file."); file.delete(); } } void exitButton_actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { shutdown(); System.exit(0); } public static void main(String[] args) { MySwingApp mySwingApp = new MySwingApp(); } }
MySwingAppWithShutdownHook
package test; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; public class MySwingAppWithShutdownHook extends JFrame { JButton exitButton = new JButton(); JTextArea jTextArea1 = new JTextArea(); String dir = System.getProperty("user.dir"); String filename = "temp.txt"; public MySwingAppWithShutdownHook() { exitButton.setText("Exit"); exitButton.setBounds(new Rectangle(304, 248, 76, 37)); exitButton.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { exitButton_actionPerformed(e); } }); this.getContentPane().setLayout(null); jTextArea1.setText("Click the Exit button to quit"); jTextArea1.setBounds(new Rectangle(9, 7, 371, 235)); this.getContentPane().add(exitButton, null); this.getContentPane().add(jTextArea1, null); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE); this.setBounds(0,0, 400, 330); this.setVisible(true); initialize(); } private void initialize() { // add shutdown hook MyShutdownHook shutdownHook = new MyShutdownHook(); Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownHook); // create a temp file File file = new File(dir, filename); try { System.out.println("Creating temporary file"); file.createNewFile(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("Failed creating temporary file."); } } private void shutdown() { // delete the temp file File file = new File(dir, filename); if (file.exists()) { System.out.println("Deleting temporary file."); file.delete(); } } void exitButton_actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { shutdown(); System.exit(0); } public static void main(String[] args) { MySwingAppWithShutdownHook mySwingApp = new MySwingAppWithShutdownHook(); } private class MyShutdownHook extends Thread { public void run() { shutdown(); } } }