Servlet

一、Servlet的框架是由俩个Java包组成:

         -  javax.servlet包:定义了所有的servlet类都必须实现或扩展的通用接口和类。

         -  javax.servlet.http包:定义了采用HTTP协议通信的HttpServlet类。

二、Servlet生命周期

       servlet的生命周期:init(ServletConfig)、service(ServletRequest,ServletResponse)、destroy()

public class HelloWorldInit implements Servlet {
	public HelloWorldInit(){
		System.out.println("hello 默认构造");
	}
	public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
		System.out.println("init");
	}
	public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		System.out.println("service");
	}
	public void destroy() {
		System.out.println("destroy");
	}
	public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
		return null;
	}
	public String getServletInfo() {
		return null;
	}
}

输出结果:

            Servlet_第1张图片

为什么会创建构造方法?

Tomcat服务器加载web.xml中的<servlet-class>com.test.HelloWorldInit</servlet>时,会根据这个类路径通过反射创建该类的实例。在服务器中操作大概过程如下:

Class clazz = Class.forName("com.test.HelloWorldInit");
Object obj = clazz.newInstance();//调用了构造方法

然后通过反射获取该对象里的init和service方法并调用,调用时会传入相应的实参(ServletConfig、ServletRequest和ServletResponse)

三、init(ServletConfig config)和service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)俩方法的参数解析 

public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
		System.out.println("config:"+config);
	}
	public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		System.out.println("request:"+request+"\n"+"response:"+response);
	}

输入结果:

           Servlet_第2张图片

上图输出的结果分别是ServletConfig、ServletRequest、ServletResponse的实现类,下图为源码中的实现

         Servlet_第3张图片

  (1)javax.servlet.ServletConfig(接口),该接口下有四个抽象方法

         Servlet_第4张图片

public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
		//1、<servlet-name>返回这个里面的名称</servlet-name>
		System.out.println(config.getServletName());
		//2、返回指定初始化参数名称的值,如果参数不存在就返回Null(在web.xml中要配置初始化参数)
		System.out.println(config.getInitParameter("gf"));
		
		//3、返回当前servlet的所有的初始化参数的名称,返回的是一个Enumeration(枚举)
		Enumeration<String> names = config.getInitParameterNames();
		while(names.hasMoreElements()){
			String name = names.nextElement();
			System.out.println(name + ":" + config.getInitParameter(name));
		}
		//4、ServletConfig保存了当前web项目的 ServletContext的引用
		ServletContext sc = config.getServletContext();
		System.out.println(sc);
		//实现类:org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade
	}
<servlet>
		<servlet-name>helloWorldInit</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>cn.test.HelloWorldInit</servlet-class>
		<!-- 配置初始化参数列表 -->
		<init-param>
			<!-- 初始化参数的名称 -->
			<param-name>gf</param-name>
			<!-- 初始化参数的值 -->
			<param-value>规范</param-value>
		</init-param>
	</servlet>

(2)javax.servlet.ServletRequest和javax.servlet.ServletResponse(service方法的两个参数)]

/**第一个参数*/
		//接口:javax.servlet.ServletRequest
		//实现类:org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade
		/*
		 * 关系:
		 *   * public class RequestFacade implements HttpServletRequest {
		 *   * public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
		 * 
		 *   总结: RequestFacade --> HttpServletRequest  --> ServletRequest
		 *   ************
		 *   ServletRequest req = new RequestFacade();
		 *   HttpServletRequest http = new RequestFacade();
		 *   HttpServletRequest http2 = (HttpServletRequest)req;
		 */
/**第二个参数*/
		//接口:javax.servlet.ServletResponse
		//实现类:org.apache.catalina.connector.ResponseFacade
		
		/* 关系:
		 * 	 * public class ResponseFacade implements HttpServletResponse {
		 *   * public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
		 *   
		 *   * 总结:ResponseFacade  --> HttpServletResponse  --> ServletResponse
		 */
		HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse)resp;

四、Servlet实现初始化工作

public class FirstServlet extends HttpServlet {
	//进行初始化,直接覆盖GenericServlet的init()方法
	@Override
	public void init() throws ServletException {
		//初始化工作
	}
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		this.doPost(request, response);
	}
	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
	}
}
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>FirstServletxx</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>cn.itcast.servlet.FirstServlet</servlet-class>
    <!-- 配置当前servlet在服务器启动时加载顺序
    	取值:0-6 ,值越小,优先加载
     -->
    <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>FirstServletxx</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/firstServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

五、servlet的虚拟路径
      1) 只能使用 / 或 * 开头
      2) / 和 *. 不能同时存在
      3) / 或 /* 表示任意
      4) 只有*.才表示通配符

Servlet_第5张图片

六、项目路径

     (1)getAbsolutePath( )  

              案例1:

public static void main(String[] args) {
		File file = new File("");
		System.out.println(file.getAbsolutePath());//absolute绝对的意思
	}

       输出结果:
                    

       用命令窗口执行:

                    JAVA项目的class文件是存放在项目根目录的bin目录下

                   

       案例2:

public static void main(String[] args) {
	File file = new File("/") ; //   '/'是相对路径,相对于当前盘符 可以获得当前盘符
  	System.out.println(file.getAbsolutePath());
}

        输出结果都为:F:\(命令运行和eclipse运行)
        总结:getAbsolutePath()使用java命令时输出的路径是当前Java命令停留的目录,使用eclipse运行时输出的路径是当前项目根目录的绝对路径

       注意:生成jar包后里面的没有src和bin目录的,生成jar包的过成是把bin目录下的文件全都拷贝过来,所以将配置文件放在src下其实就是在根目录下

    

     (2)类加载器获取路径

public static void main(String[] args) {
		//类加载器
		//通过类 -> 获得字节码 -> 获得类加载器 -> 获得资源路径
		//路径指向class文件存放的目录
		URL url = Hello.class.getClassLoader().getResource("");
//		InputStream is = Hello.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(""); //跟getResource一样
		System.out.println(url);
	}

输出结果:file:/F:/myeclipse/Workspaces/TestProject/WebRoot/WEB-INF/classes/
注意:类加载器不能使用"/"

    (3)ServletContext获取路径

              ServletContext是对当前项目上下文的描述(对当前web项目所有内容的描述),tomcat为每一个web项目单独创建一个区域,用来管理整个项目。此区域称为ServletContext。

              context root是指当前项目的根目录:

                    * tomcat --> webapps/webName

                    * myeclipse --> webName/WebRoot 指向的是WebRoot目录

public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		ServletContext sc2 = this.getServletConfig().getServletContext();
		ServletContext sc = this.getServletContext();
		//1 、
		String path = sc.getRealPath("/1.html");//获得实际路径,要求/开头
		System.out.println(path);//     F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.29\webapps\day06\1.html
		//2、获得资源文件
		URL url = sc.getResource("/1.html"); 
		System.out.println(url.getPath());//   /localhost/day06/1.html
		//3、
		InputStream is = sc.getResourceAsStream("/1.html");
		System.out.println(is);		
	}

输出结果:F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.29\webapps\day06\1.html

要求必须以'/'开头
(4)web的相对路径

    1、abc:与当前页面同级的目录或servlet的名称
     * <a href="c/c.html">c.html</a><br>
    2、/abc:相对于web站点,%tomcat%/webapps/
     * <a href="/day06_web/b/c/c.html">c.html</a><br>
    3、./abc:当前目录,与第一种情况相同
     * <a href="./c/c.html">c.html</a><br>
    4、../abc:上一次目录
     * <a href="../b/c/c.html">c.html</a><br>

 七、Servlet过滤器Filter

        所有的Servlet过滤器类都必须实现javax.servlet.Filter接口。这个接口含有3个过滤器类必须实现的方法:

            init( FilterConfig config);//Servlet容器创建Servlet过滤器实例后将调用这个方法。在这个方法中可以读取web.xml件中Servlet过滤器的初始化参数

           doFilter( ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp ,FilterChain chain);//FilterChain参数用于访问后续过滤器

           destroy( );

         在web.xml中必须先配置过滤器再配置Servlet

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

public class MyFilter implements Filter {
	private FilterConfig config = null;

	private String blackList = null;

	public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
		this.config = config;
		blackList = config.getInitParameter("blacklist");
	}

	public void destroy() {
		config = null;
	}

	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
			FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {

		String username = ((HttpServletRequest) request)
				.getParameter("username");
		if (username != null)
			username = new String(username.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "GB2312");
		if (username != null && username.indexOf(blackList) != -1) {
			response.setContentType("text/html;charset=GB2312");
			PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
			out.println("<html><head></head><body>");
			out.println("<h1>对不起," + username + ",你没有权限留言 </h1>");
			out.println("</body></html>");
			out.flush();
			return;
		}

		long before = System.currentTimeMillis();
		config.getServletContext().log(
				"NoteFilter:before call chain.doFilter()");

		chain.doFilter(request, response);

		config.getServletContext()
				.log("NoteFilter:after call chain.doFilter()");
		long after = System.currentTimeMillis();
		String name = "";
		if (request instanceof HttpServletRequest) {
			name = ((HttpServletRequest) request).getRequestURI();
		}
		config.getServletContext().log(
				"NoteFilter:" + name + ": " + (after - before) + "ms");
	}
} 
<filter>
	<filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>
	<filter-class>com.test.filter.MyFilter</filter-class>
	<init-param>
		<param-name>blacklist</param-name>
		<param-value>hello</param-value>
	</init-param>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
	<filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>
	<url-pattern>/NoteServlet</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>


你可能感兴趣的:(Servlet)