Unix/Linux下安装NPM

就像NPM的官网（http://npmjs.org/）上介绍的那样，安装NPM仅仅是一行命令的事情：

curl http://npmjs.org/install.sh | sh

这里详解一下这句命令的意思，curl http://npmjs.org/install.sh是通过curl命令获取这个安装shell脚本，按后通过管道符| 将获取的脚本交由sh命令来执行。这里如果没有权限会安装不成功，需要加上sudo来确保权限：

curl http://npmjs.org/install.sh | sudo sh

安装成功后执行npm命令，会得到一下的提示：

Usage: npm <command>
where <command> is one of:
adduser, apihelp, author, bin, bugs, c, cache, completion,
config, deprecate, docs, edit, explore, faq, find, get,
help, help-search, home, i, info, init, install, la, link,
list, ll, ln, ls, outdated, owner, pack, prefix, prune,
publish, r, rb, rebuild, remove, restart, rm, root,
run-script, s, se, search, set, show, star, start, stop,
submodule, tag, test, un, uninstall, unlink, unpublish,
unstar, up, update, version, view, whoami

我们以underscore为例，来展示下通过npm安装第三方包的过程。

npm install underscore

返回：

[email protected] ./node_modules/underscore

由于一些特殊的网络环境，直接通过npm install命令安装第三方库的时候，经常会出现卡死的状态。幸运的是国内CNode社区的@fire9同学利用空余时间搭建了一个镜像的NPM资源库，服务器架设在日本，可以绕过某些不必要的网络问题。你可以通过以下这条命令来安装第三方库：

npm --registry "http://npm.hacknodejs.com/" install underscore

如果你想将它设为默认的资源库，运行下面这条命令即可：

npm config set registry “http://npm.hacknodejs.com/”

设置之后每次安装时就可以不用带上—registry参数。值得一提的是还有另一个镜像可用，该镜像地址是http://registry.npmjs.vitecho.com，如需使用，替换上面两行命令的地址即可。

实际实践结果如下：

输入安装NPM的命令之后 有点慢。。哈

tar=/bin/tar
version:
tar (GNU tar) 1.15.1
fetching: http://registry.npmjs.org/npm/-/npm-1.0.106.tgz
0.6.3
1.0.106
cleanup prefix=/usr/local

All clean!
/usr/local/bin/npm -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npm-cli.js
/usr/local/bin/npm-g -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npm-cli.js
/usr/local/bin/npm_g -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npm-cli.js
[email protected] /usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm
It worked

安装完成
输入 NPM 测试 结果如下

[root@YX-MID node-v0.6.3]# npm

Usage: npm <command>

where <command> is one of:
    adduser, apihelp, author, bin, bugs, c, cache, completion,
    config, deprecate, docs, edit, explore, faq, find, get,
    help, help-search, home, i, info, init, install, la, link,
    list, ll, ln, ls, outdated, owner, pack, prefix, prune,
    publish, r, rb, rebuild, remove, restart, rm, root,
    run-script, s, se, search, set, show, star, start, stop,
    submodule, tag, test, un, uninstall, unlink, unpublish,
    unstar, up, update, version, view, whoami

npm <cmd> -h     quick help on <cmd>
npm -l           display full usage info
npm faq          commonly asked questions
npm help <term>  search for help on <term>
npm help npm     involved overview

Specify configs in the ini-formatted file:
    /root/.npmrc
or on the command line via: npm <command> --key value
Config info can be viewed via: npm help config