一个示范gettext实现L10N的小例子

这是英文书上的示例，贴在这里当翻译的文章跟大家share下。没有逐字逐句翻译哈，加了我个人的一些口水话和一些废话哈哈

这是来自《Free/Open Source Software Guide to Localization》里面Chapter10的示例，简单明了，我在RedHat5.3上尝试了一把，终于明白了gettext的使用方法，虽然还很浅显哈哈，但对我来说意义非凡！小弟一直想整个可以随便国际化本地化的程序，不知道如何入手，《Free/Open Source Software Guide to Localization》给了我相当的指导，推荐大家阅读O(∩_∩)O~


废话不说，直接上代码，helloworldintl.c：

#include<libintl.h>
#include<locale.h>
#include<stdio.h>

#define _(String) gettext (String)
#define _t(String1,String2,n) ngettext (String1,String2,n)

int main()
{
     int i;
    setlocale(LC_ALL,"");
    bindtextdomain( "helloworldintl", "/usr/share/locale");
    textdomain( "helloworldintl");
    printf(_( "again"));
    printf( "\n");
    printf(_( "Hello World"));
    printf( "\n");
    printf(_( "These text demonstrate that translation using po files is easier\n"));
    scanf( "%d",&i);
    printf(_t( "This number %d is of singular form", "This number %d is of plural form",i),i);
    printf( "\n");
    printf(_( "The magic number is %d\n"),i);
    printf(_( "These are additional words"));
    printf( "\n");
    printf(_( "I love translation\n"));
} //main

Step 1:
执行如下命令提取程序中的字符串：
xgettext -d helloworldintl -o helloworldintl.pot --keyword=_t:1,2 -k_ -s helloworldintl.c
注意-k参数后面有个下划线，表示需要提取以下划线引用gettext函数的相关字符串。我弄了好几次才弄对的！

Step 2:
然后随便用Linux上的支持Unicode的文本编辑器，比如gedit打开helloworldintl.pot，瞧下内容：

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) YEAR THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Brant I18N Hello World 1.0\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-12-16 17:15+0800\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-12-16 17:15+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: BrantC <[email protected]>\n"
"Language-Team: BrantC <[email protected]>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 11;\n"

#: helloworldintl.c:17
#, c-format
msgid "Hello World"
msgstr ""

#: helloworldintl.c:26
#, c-format
msgid "I love translation\n"
msgstr "\n"

#: helloworldintl.c:23
#, c-format
msgid "The magic number is %d\n"
msgstr " %d\n"

#: helloworldintl.c:24
#, c-format
msgid "These are additional words"
msgstr ""

#: helloworldintl.c:19
#, c-format
msgid "These text demonstrate that translation using po files is easier\n"
msgstr "po\n"

#: helloworldintl.c:21
#, c-format
msgid "This number %d is of singular form"
msgid_plural "This number %d is of plural form"
msgstr[0] " %d "
msgstr[1] " %d "

#: helloworldintl.c:14
#, c-format
msgid "again"
msgstr ""

Step 3:
把这个pot文件copy为po文件，即helloworldintl.po文件，这种po文件时要给LS team的，他们就把字符串翻译更新到po文件中，翻译后的po文件，如下：

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) YEAR THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Brant I18N Hello World 1.0\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-12-16 17:15+0800\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-12-16 17:15+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: BrantC <[email protected]>\n"
"Language-Team: BrantC <[email protected]>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 11;\n"

#: helloworldintl.c:17
#, c-format
msgid "Hello World"
msgstr "你好，世界"

#: helloworldintl.c:26
#, c-format
msgid "I love translation\n"
msgstr "我爱翻译\n"

#: helloworldintl.c:23
#, c-format
msgid "The magic number is %d\n"
msgstr "这个神齐的数字是 %d\n"

#: helloworldintl.c:24
#, c-format
msgid "These are additional words"
msgstr "这些是附加的单词"

#: helloworldintl.c:19
#, c-format
msgid "These text demonstrate that translation using po files is easier\n"
msgstr "这些示例文本通过po文件翻译更容易\n"

#: helloworldintl.c:21
#, c-format
msgid "This number %d is of singular form"
msgid_plural "This number %d is of plural form"
msgstr[0] "这个数字 %d 是单数形式"
msgstr[1] "这个数字 %d 是复数形式"

#: helloworldintl.c:14
#, c-format
msgid "again"
msgstr "重试"

Step 4:
然后，执行下面的命令生成mo文件：
msgfmt helloworldintl.po -o helloworldintl.m

Step 5:
然后把mo文件copy到相应的locale目录下面，我这里是/usr/share/locale/zh_CN.GB2312/LC_MESSAGES/.

Step 6:
现在可以算大功告成，执行中文版的helloworldintl：



执行英文版的helloworldintl：



哈哈，完美：）