网络安装RedHat Enterprises Linux5.4

 

网络安装RedHat Enterprises Linux5.4

 

一、PXE介绍

PXE(preboot execute environment)是由Intel公司开发的最新技术,工作于Client/Server的网络模式，支持工作站通过网络从远端服务器下载映像，并由此支持来自网络的操作系统的启动过程，其启动过程中，终端要求服务器分配IP地址，再用TFTP（trivial file transfer protocol）或MTFTP(multicast trivial file transfer protocol)协议下载一个启动软件包到本机内存中并执行，由这个启动软件包完成终端基本软件设置，从而引导预先安装在服务器中的终端操作系统。

 

二、KickStart+DHCP+NFS+TFTP+PXE的工作原理

无光软驱服务器通过PXE网卡启动，从DHCP服务器获取IP，通过TFTP下载pxelinux.0文件找到pxelinux.cfg里的配置文件，按配置文件找着vmlinuz引导Linux进入安装界面，之后选择NFS方式安装系统

 

服务器端配置

第一步：关闭iptables和SElinux

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig iptables off

[root@localhost ~]# service iptables stop

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.

# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:

#        enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.

#        permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.

#        disabled - SELinux is fully disabled.

SELINUX=disabled

# SELINUXTYPE= type of policy in use. Possible values are:

#        targeted - Only targeted network daemons are protected.

#        strict - Full SELinux protection.

SELINUXTYPE=targeted

 

第二步：挂载镜像，安装TFTP与DHCP服务，并进行配置。

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/hdc /mnt

mount: block device /dev/hdc is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@localhost ~]# cd /mnt/Server/

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh tftp-server-0.42-3.1.i386.rpm

warning: tftp-server-0.42-3.1.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing...                 ########################################### [100%]

        package tftp-server-0.42-3.1.i386 is already installed

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh dhcp-3.0.5-18.el5.i386.rpm

warning: dhcp-3.0.5-18.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing...                 ########################################### [100%]

   1:dhcp                   ########################################### [100%]

配置TFTP服务器

[root@localhost Server]# vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

# default: off

# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \

#        protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \

#        workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \

#        and to start the installation process for some operating systems.

service tftp

{

        socket_type             = dgram

        protocol                = udp

        wait                    = yes

        user                    = root

        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd

        server_args             = -u nobody -s /tftpboot

        disable                 = no

        per_source              = 11

        cps                     = 100 2

        flags                   = IPv4

}

 

配置DHCP服务器

[root@localhost Server]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcpd.conf

cp: overwrite `/etc/dhcpd.conf'? y

[root@localhost Server]# vi /etc/dhcpd.conf

ddns-update-style interim;

ignore client-updates;

authourtative;

log-facility local7;

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

        range 192.168.1.55 192.168.1.66;

        option routers 192.168.1.1;

        option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

        option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.146;              //服务器IP地址

      option domain-name "koalinfo.com";

        option netbios-name-servers 192.168.1.146;        //服务器IP地址

        option time-offset -18000;

        option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;

        default-lease-time 6000;

        max-lease-time 11400;

         next-server 192.168.1.146;                                //服务器IP地址

        filename "pxelinux.0";                                      //指示启动文件的位置的一个标签，这里是指/tftpboot/pxelinux.0。

}

第三步：创建目录，存放系统安装文件。

[root@localhost Server]# mkdir /disk

[root@localhost Server]# cp -rf /mnt/* /disk/

 

第四步：安装并配置NFS服务器

#查看是否已安装NFS服务器，如果没有安装，进入/mnt/Server/进行安装

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep "nfs\|portmap"

portmap-4.0-65.2.2.1

nfs-utils-1.0.9-40.el5

nfs-utils-lib-1.0.8-7.2.z2

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/exports

/disk    *(ro.sync)

[root@localhost ~]# service nfs restart

Shutting down NFS mountd: [ OK ]

Shutting down NFS daemon: [ OK ]

Shutting down NFS quotas: [ OK ]

Shutting down NFS services: [FAILED]

Starting NFS services: [ OK ]

Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]

Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]

Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]

[root@localhost ~]# exportfs                             //输出NFS配置文件，检查是否生效

/disk            <world>

 

第五步：启动DHCP、NFS、TFTP服务

[root@localhost disk]# service dhcpd start

Starting dhcpd: [ OK ]

[root@localhost disk]# service portmap start

Starting portmap: [ OK ]

[root@localhost disk]# service nfs start

[root@localhost disk]# service xinetd start

Starting xinetd:           

 

第六步：将安装配置脚本文件（/root/anaconda-ks.cfg），重命名为ks.cfg，复制到/disk目录下，然后并共享出/disk目录。

[root@localhost disk]# cd /root

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop install.log install.log.syslog

[root@localhost ~]# cp anaconda-ks.cfg /disk/ks.cfg

[root@localhost ~]# exportfs -a; service nfs restart

Shutting down NFS mountd: [ OK ]

Shutting down NFS daemon: [ OK ]

Shutting down NFS quotas: [ OK ]

Shutting down NFS services: [ OK ]

Starting NFS services: [ OK ]

Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]

Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]

Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]

[root@localhost ~]# vi /disk/ks.cfg

将cdrom修改为：nfs --server=192.168.1.146 --dir=/disk

将network --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp修改为：network --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp

将#clearpart --all --drives=sda修改为：clearpart --all –initlabel

 

第七步：配置支持PXE，复制启动时所需要文件。

#确保/tftproot目录存在，不存在，手工创建。

[root@localhost ~]# ls -d /tftpboot/ || make /tftpboot/

/tftpboot/

[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot/

注意：如果找不到syslinux目录与pxelinux.0文件，那么你就必须安装软件包：syslinux-3.11-4.i386.rpm

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg

[root@localhost ~]# cd /media/

[root@localhost media]# ls

RHEL_5.3 i386 DVD

[root@localhost media]# cp /media/RHEL_5.3\ i386\ DVD/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

[root@localhost media]# cp /media/RHEL_5.3\ i386\ DVD/isolinux/* /tftpboot/

[root@localhost media]# chmod u+w /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

[root@localhost media]# vi /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

timeout 60                                                       //将超时时间修改为60秒

append initrd=initrd.img text 修改为：append ks=nfs:192.168.1.146:/disk/ks.cfg initrd=initrd.img

 

第八步：重启DHCP、NFS、TFTP服务。

[root@localhost ~]# service nfs restart

Shutting down NFS mountd: [ OK ]

Shutting down NFS daemon: [ OK ]

Shutting down NFS quotas: [ OK ]

Shutting down NFS services: [ OK ]

Starting NFS services: [ OK ]

Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]

Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]

Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]

[root@localhost ~]# service dhcpd restart

Shutting down dhcpd: [ OK ]

Starting dhcpd: [ OK ]

[root@localhost ~]# service xinetd restart

Stopping xinetd: [ OK ]

Starting xinetd: [ OK ]

Starting xinetd: [ OK ]

接下来，创建新的linux虚拟机，点击开机按钮， 即可到系统的安装界面。