Linux下常用压缩解压缩、打包命令使用演示

实验系统环境：
      [root@cacti tmp]# cat /etc/issue
      CentOS release 6.6 (Final)
      Kernel \r on an \m

      [root@cacti tmp]# cat /etc/redhat-release
      CentOS release 6.6 (Final)
      [root@cacti tmp]# uname -a
      Linux cacti.getg.com 2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Dec 17 01:55:02 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

以下案例涉及如下这些命令的使用演示：
      zip、unzip、gzip、gunzip、bzip2、bunzip2、xz、unxz、zcat、tar

zip/unzip:
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3096
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:30 messages
      //常规压缩，不删除原文件
      [root@cacti tmp]# zip messages.zip messages
        adding: messages (deflated 91%)
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3384
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:30 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  293753 Apr  7 11:33 messages.zip
      //压缩目录（使用-r选项）
      [root@cacti tmp]# zip -r ziptest.zip ./ziptest/
        adding: ziptest/ (stored 0%)
        adding: ziptest/messages.2 (deflated 91%)
        adding: ziptest/messages.1 (deflated 91%)
        adding: ziptest/messages (deflated 91%)
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 868
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Apr  7 11:43 ziptest
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 881415 Apr  7 11:46 ziptest.zip

      //显示压缩过程详细信息（使用-v选项）
      [root@cacti tmp]# zip -rv ziptest1.zip ziptest
        adding: ziptest/  (in=0) (out=0) (stored 0%)
        adding: ziptest/messages.2  (in=3167456) (out=293587) (deflated 91%)
        adding: ziptest/messages.1  (in=3167456) (out=293587) (deflated 91%)
        adding: ziptest/messages  (in=3167456) (out=293587) (deflated 91%)
      total bytes=9502368, compressed=880761 -> 91% savings

      //解压缩文件
      [root@cacti tmp]# unzip ziptest.zip
      Archive:  ziptest.zip
         creating: ziptest/
        inflating: ziptest/messages.2      
        inflating: ziptest/messages.1      
        inflating: ziptest/messages        
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l ziptest
      total 9288
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:30 messages
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:42 messages.1
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:42 messages.2

      //仅用于归档存储（使用-0选项），不压缩文件，相当于tar的作用
      [root@cacti tmp]# zip -0 -r ziptest.zip ziptest/
        adding: ziptest/ (stored 0%)
        adding: ziptest/messages.2 (stored 0%)
        adding: ziptest/messages.1 (stored 0%)
        adding: ziptest/messages (stored 0%)
      [root@cacti tmp]# du -s ziptest
      9292  ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 12384
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 11:43 ziptest
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9503022 Apr  7 11:54 ziptest.zip
      [root@cacti tmp]# du -s ziptest.zip
      9284  ziptest.zip

      //验证压缩文件是否有损毁
      [root@cacti tmp]# zip -T ziptest.zip
      test of ziptest.zip OK

      //压缩文件添加注释
      [root@cacti tmp]# zip -z ziptest.zip
      enter new zip file comment (end with .):
      This is a test file.
      .

      //仅显示压缩文件中的注释信息
      [root@cacti tmp]# unzip -z ziptest.zip
      Archive:  ziptest.zip
      This is a test file.

      //对目录进行压缩时，排除指定的文件不压缩
      [root@cacti tmp]# zip -rv ziptest1.zip ziptest -x ziptest/messages
        adding: ziptest/  (in=0) (out=0) (stored 0%)
        adding: ziptest/messages.2  (in=3167456) (out=293587) (deflated 91%)
        adding: ziptest/messages.1  (in=3167456) (out=293587) (deflated 91%)
      total bytes=6334912, compressed=587174 -> 91% savings

      //同时对多个文件进行压缩
      [root@cacti ziptest]# zip messages.zip messages messages.1 messages.2
        adding: messages (deflated 91%)
        adding: messages.1 (deflated 91%)
        adding: messages.2 (deflated 91%)

gzip/gunzip:

      //gzip常用选项及用法说明
      [root@cacti ~]# gzip -h
      Usage: gzip [OPTION]... [FILE]...
      Compress or uncompress FILEs (by default, compress FILES in-place).

      Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

        -c, --stdout      write on standard output, keep original files unchanged
        -d, --decompress  decompress
        -f, --force       force overwrite of output file and compress links
        -h, --help        give this help
        -l, --list        list compressed file contents
        -L, --license     display software license
        -n, --no-name     do not save or restore the original name and time stamp
        -N, --name        save or restore the original name and time stamp
        -q, --quiet       suppress all warnings
        -r, --recursive   operate recursively on directories
        -S, --suffix=SUF  use suffix SUF on compressed files
        -t, --test        test compressed file integrity
        -v, --verbose     verbose mode
        -V, --version     display version number
        -1, --fast        compress faster
        -9, --best        compress better

      //gunzip常用选项及用法说明
      [root@cacti tmp]# gunzip -h
      Usage: gzip [OPTION]... [FILE]...
      Compress or uncompress FILEs (by default, compress FILES in-place).

      Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

        -c, --stdout      write on standard output, keep original files unchanged
        -d, --decompress  decompress
        -f, --force       force overwrite of output file and compress links
        -h, --help        give this help
        -l, --list        list compressed file contents
        -L, --license     display software license
        -n, --no-name     do not save or restore the original name and time stamp
        -N, --name        save or restore the original name and time stamp
        -q, --quiet       suppress all warnings
        -r, --recursive   operate recursively on directories
        -S, --suffix=SUF  use suffix SUF on compressed files
        -t, --test        test compressed file integrity
        -v, --verbose     verbose mode
        -V, --version     display version number
        -1, --fast        compress faster
        -9, --best        compress better
          --rsyncable   Make rsync-friendly archive
      
      //常规压缩，但会删除原文件，不需要指定压缩文件名
      [root@cacti tmp]# gzip messages
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 292
      -rw------- 1 root root 293614 Apr  7 11:51 messages.gz
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Apr  7 13:40 ziptest

      //gzip对目录进行压缩（使用-r选项），不会将目录压缩成一个文件，他会将目录中的每一个文件分别压缩
      [root@cacti tmp]# gzip -r ziptest/
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 292
      -rw------- 1 root root 293614 Apr  7 11:51 messages.gz
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Apr  7 13:47 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# cd ziptest/
      [root@cacti ziptest]# ls
      messages.1.gz  messages.2.gz  messages.gz
      [root@cacti ziptest]# ls -l
      total 864
      -rw------- 1 root root 293616 Apr  7 11:42 messages.1.gz
      -rw------- 1 root root 293616 Apr  7 11:42 messages.2.gz
      -rw------- 1 root root 293614 Apr  7 11:30 messages.gz

      //解压缩文件可以使用gunzip或gzip -d，for example：
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 292
      -rw------- 1 root root 293614 Apr  7 11:51 messages.gz
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Apr  7 13:47 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]#
      [root@cacti tmp]#
      [root@cacti tmp]# gunzip messages.gz
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3100
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 13:47 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# gzip messages
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 292
      -rw------- 1 root root 293614 Apr  7 11:51 messages.gz
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Apr  7 13:47 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# gzip -d messages.gz
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3100
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 13:47 ziptest

      //gzip不能压缩目录，所直接解压缩目录中的文件，必须使用-r选项，如果待解压的文件在目录中，如果对这个目录进行解压必须加上-r选项，才能解压目录中的压缩文件，for example：
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3100
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 13:53 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l ziptest/
      total 864
      -rw------- 1 root root 293616 Apr  7 11:42 messages.1.gz
      -rw------- 1 root root 293616 Apr  7 11:42 messages.2.gz
      -rw------- 1 root root 293614 Apr  7 11:30 messages.gz
      [root@cacti tmp]# gzip -d ziptest/
      gzip: ziptest/ is a directory -- ignored
      [root@cacti tmp]# gzip -dr ziptest/
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l ziptest/
      total 9288
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:30 messages
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:42 messages.1
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:42 messages.2

      //显示压缩过程信息
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3100
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 13:54 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# gzip -v messages
      messages:  90.7% -- replaced with messages.gz
      [root@cacti tmp]# gzip -dv messages.gz
      messages.gz:   90.7% -- replaced with messages
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3100
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 13:54 ziptest

      //不解压文件，直接查看文件内容，使用zcat命令，注意对于打包之后进行的压缩文件不可以使用该命令
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 292
      -rw------- 1 root root 293614 Apr  7 11:51 messages.gz
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      [root@cacti tmp]# zcat messages.gz |tail
      Jan 14 16:44:20 cacti vmusr[14641]: [ warning] [Gtk] Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "clearlooks",
      Jan 14 16:44:20 cacti vmusr[14641]: [ warning] [Gtk] Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "clearlooks",
      Jan 14 16:44:20 cacti vmusr[14641]: [ warning] [Gtk] Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "clearlooks",
      Jan 14 16:44:20 cacti vmusr[14641]: [ warning] [Gtk] Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "clearlooks",
      Jan 14 16:44:20 cacti vmusr[14641]: [ warning] [Gtk] Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "clearlooks",
      Jan 14 16:44:20 cacti vmusr[14641]: [ warning] [Gtk] gtk_disable_setlocale() must be called before gtk_init()
      Jan 14 16:44:22 cacti /usr/sbin/bmc-watchdog[14102]: Get Watchdog Timer: driver timeout
      Jan 14 16:45:01 cacti CROND[14995]: (cacti) CMD (php /var/www/html/cacti/poller.php > /dev/null 2>&1)
      ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      from here start!!
      [root@cacti tmp]#

bzip2/bunzip2:
      
      //bzip2常用选项及用法说明
      [root@cacti tmp]# bzip2 -h
      bzip2, a block-sorting file compressor.  Version 1.0.5, 10-Dec-2007.

         usage: bzip2 [flags and input files in any order]

         -h --help           print this message
         -d --decompress     force decompression
         -z --compress       force compression
         -k --keep           keep (don't delete) input files
         -f --force          overwrite existing output files
         -t --test           test compressed file integrity
         -c --stdout         output to standard out
         -q --quiet          suppress noncritical error messages
         -v --verbose        be verbose (a 2nd -v gives more)
         -L --license        display software version & license
         -V --version        display software version & license
         -s --small          use less memory (at most 2500k)
         -1 .. -9            set block size to 100k .. 900k
         --fast              alias for -1
         --best              alias for -9
      //bunzip2常用选项及用法说明
      [root@cacti tmp]# bunzip2 -h
      bzip2, a block-sorting file compressor.  Version 1.0.5, 10-Dec-2007.

         usage: bunzip2 [flags and input files in any order]

         -h --help           print this message
         -d --decompress     force decompression
         -z --compress       force compression
         -k --keep           keep (don't delete) input files
         -f --force          overwrite existing output files
         -t --test           test compressed file integrity
         -c --stdout         output to standard out
         -q --quiet          suppress noncritical error messages
         -v --verbose        be verbose (a 2nd -v gives more)
         -L --license        display software version & license
         -V --version        display software version & license
         -s --small          use less memory (at most 2500k)
         -1 .. -9            set block size to 100k .. 900k
         --fast              alias for -1
         --best              alias for -9

      //常规压缩，不保留原文件，请留意，bzip2在压缩的过程中会明显感觉比gzip工具慢，但压缩比会很高
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3100
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 13:54 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# bzip2 messages
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 172
      -rw------- 1 root root 170116 Apr  7 11:51 messages.bz2
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Apr  7 13:54 ziptest

      //使用-v选项显示压缩过程详细信息
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3100
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 13:54 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# bzip2 -v messages
        messages: 18.619:1,  0.430 bits/byte, 94.63% saved, 3167456 in, 170116 out.
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 172
      -rw------- 1 root root 170116 Apr  7 11:51 messages.bz2
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Apr  7 13:54 ziptest

      //使用-k选项，保留源文件不被删除
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3100
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 13:54 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# bzip2 -vk messages
        messages: 18.619:1,  0.430 bits/byte, 94.63% saved, 3167456 in, 170116 out.
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3268
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw------- 1 root root  170116 Apr  7 11:51 messages.bz2
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 13:54 ziptest

      //bzip2不能直接对目录进行压缩或解压缩，bzip2只能对文件进行操作，如果想同时对目录中的多个文件进行压缩，可以使用通配符，不支持-r选项，for example：
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l ziptest/
      total 9288
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:30 messages
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:42 messages.1
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:42 messages.2
      [root@cacti tmp]# bzip2 -v ziptest/*
        ziptest/messages:   18.619:1,  0.430 bits/byte, 94.63% saved, 3167456 in, 170116 out.
        ziptest/messages.1: 18.619:1,  0.430 bits/byte, 94.63% saved, 3167456 in, 170116 out.
        ziptest/messages.2: 18.619:1,  0.430 bits/byte, 94.63% saved, 3167456 in, 170116 out.
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l ziptest/
      total 504
      -rw------- 1 root root 170116 Apr  7 11:42 messages.1.bz2
      -rw------- 1 root root 170116 Apr  7 11:42 messages.2.bz2
      -rw------- 1 root root 170116 Apr  7 11:30 messages.bz2

      //解压缩文件，可以使用bunzip2或bzip -d，常规解压缩，for example:
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 172
      -rw------- 1 root root 170116 Apr  7 11:51 messages.bz2
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Apr  7 14:39 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# bunzip2 messages.bz2
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3100
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 14:39 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# bzip2 messages
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 172
      -rw------- 1 root root 170116 Apr  7 11:51 messages.bz2
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Apr  7 14:39 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# bzip2 -d messages.bz2
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3100
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 14:39 ziptest

      //对目录中的多个文件进行解压缩
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l ziptest/
      total 504
      -rw------- 1 root root 170116 Apr  7 11:42 messages.1.bz2
      -rw------- 1 root root 170116 Apr  7 11:42 messages.2.bz2
      -rw------- 1 root root 170116 Apr  7 11:30 messages.bz2
      [root@cacti tmp]# bzip2 -d -v ziptest/*
        ziptest/messages.1.bz2: done
        ziptest/messages.2.bz2: done
        ziptest/messages.bz2:   done
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l ziptest/
      total 9288
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:30 messages
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:42 messages.1
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:42 messages.2

      //将解压缩文件内容输出到标准输出中，及屏幕上，不生成解压缩文件（使用-c和-d选项），for example：
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3104
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 14:46 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# cat testbzip2.txt
      Jan 14 16:44:20 cacti vmusr[14641]: [ warning] [Gtk] Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "clearlooks",
      Jan 14 16:44:20 cacti vmusr[14641]: [ warning] [Gtk] Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "clearlooks",
      Jan 14 16:44:20 cacti vmusr[14641]: [ warning] [Gtk] Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "clearlooks",
      Jan 14 16:44:20 cacti vmusr[14641]: [ warning] [Gtk] Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "clearlooks",
      Jan 14 16:44:20 cacti vmusr[14641]: [ warning] [Gtk] Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "clearlooks",
      Jan 14 16:44:20 cacti vmusr[14641]: [ warning] [Gtk] gtk_disable_setlocale() must be called before gtk_init()
      Jan 14 16:44:22 cacti /usr/sbin/bmc-watchdog[14102]: Get Watchdog Timer: driver timeout
      Jan 14 16:45:01 cacti CROND[14995]: (cacti) CMD (php /var/www/html/cacti/poller.php > /dev/null 2>&1)
      ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      from here start!!
      [root@cacti tmp]# bzip2 testbzip2.txt
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3104
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     383 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt.bz2
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 14:46 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# bzip2 -c -d testbzip2.txt.bz2
      Jan 14 16:44:20 cacti vmusr[14641]: [ warning] [Gtk] Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "clearlooks",
      Jan 14 16:44:20 cacti vmusr[14641]: [ warning] [Gtk] Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "clearlooks",
      Jan 14 16:44:20 cacti vmusr[14641]: [ warning] [Gtk] Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "clearlooks",
      Jan 14 16:44:20 cacti vmusr[14641]: [ warning] [Gtk] Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "clearlooks",
      Jan 14 16:44:20 cacti vmusr[14641]: [ warning] [Gtk] Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "clearlooks",
      Jan 14 16:44:20 cacti vmusr[14641]: [ warning] [Gtk] gtk_disable_setlocale() must be called before gtk_init()
      Jan 14 16:44:22 cacti /usr/sbin/bmc-watchdog[14102]: Get Watchdog Timer: driver timeout
      Jan 14 16:45:01 cacti CROND[14995]: (cacti) CMD (php /var/www/html/cacti/poller.php > /dev/null 2>&1)
      ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      from here start!!
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3104
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     383 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt.bz2
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 14:46 ziptest

xz/unxz:

      [root@cacti ~]# xz -h
      Usage: xz [OPTION]... [FILE]...
      Compress or decompress FILEs in the .xz format.

      Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

        -z, --compress      force compression
        -d, --decompress    force decompression
        -t, --test          test compressed file integrity
        -l, --list          list information about files
        -k, --keep          keep (don't delete) input files
        -f, --force         force overwrite of output file and (de)compress links
        -c, --stdout        write to standard output and don't delete input files
        -0 .. -9            compression preset; 0-2 fast compression, 3-5 good
                            compression, 6-9 excellent compression; default is 6
        -e, --extreme       use more CPU time when encoding to increase compression
                            ratio without increasing memory usage of the decoder
        -q, --quiet         suppress warnings; specify twice to suppress errors too
        -v, --verbose       be verbose; specify twice for even more verbose
        -h, --help          display this short help
        -H, --long-help     display the long help (lists also the advanced options)
        -V, --version       display the version number

      [root@cacti ~]# unxz -h
      Usage: unxz [OPTION]... [FILE]...
      Compress or decompress FILEs in the .xz format.

      Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

        -z, --compress      force compression
        -d, --decompress    force decompression
        -t, --test          test compressed file integrity
        -l, --list          list information about files
        -k, --keep          keep (don't delete) input files
        -f, --force         force overwrite of output file and (de)compress links
        -c, --stdout        write to standard output and don't delete input files
        -0 .. -9            compression preset; 0-2 fast compression, 3-5 good
                            compression, 6-9 excellent compression; default is 6
        -e, --extreme       use more CPU time when encoding to increase compression
                            ratio without increasing memory usage of the decoder
        -q, --quiet         suppress warnings; specify twice to suppress errors too
        -v, --verbose       be verbose; specify twice for even more verbose
        -h, --help          display this short help
        -H, --long-help     display the long help (lists also the advanced options)
        -V, --version       display the version number

      //常规压缩，源文件会被删除。
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3104
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 14:46 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# xz messages
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 104
      -rw------- 1 root root 97456 Apr  7 11:51 messages.xz
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Apr  7 14:46 ziptest

      //显示压缩过程详细信息
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3104
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 14:46 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# xz -v messages
      messages (1/1)
        100.0 %              95.2 KiB / 3,093.2 KiB = 0.031                         
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 104
      -rw------- 1 root root 97456 Apr  7 11:51 messages.xz
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Apr  7 14:46 ziptest

      //显示压缩过程，同时保持原文件不被删除（使用-v 和 -k 选项）
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3104
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 14:46 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# xz -v -k messages
      messages (1/1)
        100.0 %              95.2 KiB / 3,093.2 KiB = 0.031                         
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3200
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw------- 1 root root   97456 Apr  7 11:51 messages.xz
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 14:46 ziptest

      //解压缩文件，unxz file_name 或 xz -d file_name
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 104
      -rw------- 1 root root 97456 Apr  7 11:51 messages.xz
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Apr  7 14:46 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# unxz messages.xz
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3104
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 14:46 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# xz messages
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 104
      -rw------- 1 root root 97456 Apr  7 11:51 messages.xz
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Apr  7 14:46 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# xz -d messages.xz
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3104
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 14:46 ziptest

      //xz命令同样不支持对目录进行操作，使用方法与bzip2类似，对目录中的文件进行压缩，必须使用通配符，并且如果目录中有多个文件，会对每个文件生成一个压缩文件，for example：
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l ziptest/
      total 9288
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:30 messages
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:42 messages.1
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:42 messages.2
      [root@cacti tmp]# xz -v ziptest/
      xz: ziptest/: Is a directory, skipping
      [root@cacti tmp]# xz -v ziptest/*
      ziptest/messages (1/3)
        100.0 %              95.2 KiB / 3,093.2 KiB = 0.031                         

      ziptest/messages.1 (2/3)
        100.0 %              95.2 KiB / 3,093.2 KiB = 0.031                         

      ziptest/messages.2 (3/3)
        100.0 %              95.2 KiB / 3,093.2 KiB = 0.031                         
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l ziptest/
      total 288
      -rw------- 1 root root 97456 Apr  7 11:42 messages.1.xz
      -rw------- 1 root root 97456 Apr  7 11:42 messages.2.xz
      -rw------- 1 root root 97456 Apr  7 11:30 messages.xz
      [root@cacti tmp]# xz -d -v ziptest/
      xz: ziptest/: Is a directory, skipping
      [root@cacti tmp]# xz -d -v ziptest/*
      ziptest/messages.1.xz (1/3)
        100.0 %              95.2 KiB / 3,093.2 KiB = 0.031                         

      ziptest/messages.2.xz (2/3)
        100.0 %              95.2 KiB / 3,093.2 KiB = 0.031                         

      ziptest/messages.xz (3/3)
        100.0 %              95.2 KiB / 3,093.2 KiB = 0.031                         
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l ziptest/
      total 9288
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:30 messages
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:42 messages.1
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:42 messages.2

tar：
      NAME
       tar - manual page for tar 1.23

      SYNOPSIS
             tar [OPTION...] [FILE]...

      DESCRIPTION
             GNU ‘tar’ saves many files together into a single tape or disk archive, and can restore individual files from the
             archive.

             Note that this manual page contains just very brief description (or more like a list of  possible  functionality)
             originally  generated by the help2man utility.  The full documentation for tar is maintained as a Texinfo manual.
             If the info and tar programs are properly installed at your site, the command ‘info tar’ should give  you  access
             to the complete manual.

      EXAMPLES
             tar -cf archive.tar foo bar
                    # Create archive.tar from files foo and bar.

             tar -tvf archive.tar
                    # List all files in archive.tar verbosely.

             tar -xf archive.tar
                    # Extract all files from archive.tar.

                    Main operation mode:

             -A, --catenate, --concatenate
                    append tar files to an archive

             -c, --create
                    create a new archive

             -d, --diff, --compare
                    find differences between archive and file system

             --delete
                    delete from the archive (not on mag tapes!)

             -r, --append
                    append files to the end of an archive

             -t, --list
                    list the contents of an archive

             --test-label
                    test the archive volume label and exit

             -u, --update
                    only append files newer than copy in archive

             -x, --extract, --get
                    extract files from an archive

             -C, --directory=DIR
                    change to directory DIR

             -f, --file=ARCHIVE
                    use archive file or device ARCHIVE

             -j, --bzip2
                    filter the archive through bzip2

              -J, --xz
                    filter the archive through xz

             -p, --preserve-permissions
                    extract  information  about  file permissions (default for superuser)

             -v, --verbose
                    verbosely list files processed

             -z, --gzip
                    filter the archive through gzip
      //常规打包文件夹，打包归档不会删除原文件，-c创建文件、-v显示打包过程、-f表示指定文件           
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 112
      -rw------- 1 root root 97456 Apr  7 11:51 messages.xz
      drwx------ 2 root root  4096 Jan  1  1970 orbit-root
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwx------ 2 root root  4096 Apr  8 09:32 vmware-root
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Apr  7 17:22 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# tar -cvf ziptest.tar ziptest/
      ziptest/
      ziptest/messages.2
      ziptest/messages.1
      ziptest/messages
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 9404
      -rw------- 1 root root   97456 Apr  7 11:51 messages.xz
      drwx------ 2 root root    4096 Jan  1  1970 orbit-root
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwx------ 2 root root    4096 Apr  8 09:32 vmware-root
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 17:22 ziptest
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9512960 Apr  8 09:43 ziptest.tar

      //不解包，显示归档中有哪些文件
      [root@cacti tmp]# tar -tvf ziptest.tar
      drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2015-04-07 17:22 ziptest/
      -rw------- root/root   3167456 2015-04-07 11:42 ziptest/messages.2
      -rw------- root/root   3167456 2015-04-07 11:42 ziptest/messages.1
      -rw------- root/root   3167456 2015-04-07 11:30 ziptest/messages

      //解包归档的文件，使用-x选项
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 9400
      -rw------- 1 root root   97456 Apr  7 11:51 messages.xz
      drwx------ 2 root root    4096 Jan  1  1970 orbit-root
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwx------ 2 root root    4096 Apr  8 09:32 vmware-root
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9512960 Apr  8 09:43 ziptest.tar
      [root@cacti tmp]#
      [root@cacti tmp]#
      [root@cacti tmp]# tar -xvf ziptest.tar
      ziptest/
      ziptest/messages.2
      ziptest/messages.1
      ziptest/messages
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 9404
      -rw------- 1 root root   97456 Apr  7 11:51 messages.xz
      drwx------ 2 root root    4096 Jan  1  1970 orbit-root
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwx------ 2 root root    4096 Apr  8 09:32 vmware-root
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 17:22 ziptest
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9512960 Apr  8 09:43 ziptest.tar

      //在打包的过程中，调用压缩程序，从而达到对目录进行归档压缩的目的。使用-z选项调用gzip压缩、使用-j调用bzip2压缩、使用-J调用xz压缩，他们的区别是xz的压缩比大于bzip2，bzip2的压缩比大于gzip，for example：
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3104
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 17:22 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# tar -zcvf ziptest.tar.gz ziptest/
      ziptest/
      ziptest/messages.2
      ziptest/messages.1
      ziptest/messages
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3968
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 17:22 ziptest
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  880963 Apr  8 09:53 ziptest.tar.gz
      [root@cacti tmp]# tar -Jcvf ziptest.tar.xz ziptest
      ziptest/
      ziptest/messages.2
      ziptest/messages.1
      ziptest/messages
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 4068
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 17:22 ziptest
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  880963 Apr  8 09:53 ziptest.tar.gz
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   98388 Apr  8 09:54 ziptest.tar.xz
      [root@cacti tmp]# tar -jcvf ziptest.tar.bz2 ziptest
      ziptest/
      ziptest/messages.2
      ziptest/messages.1
      ziptest/messages
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 4564
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 17:22 ziptest
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  505453 Apr  8 09:55 ziptest.tar.bz2
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  880963 Apr  8 09:53 ziptest.tar.gz
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   98388 Apr  8 09:54 ziptest.tar.xz

      //对于在打包过程中调用压缩程序的打包文件，解压的时候无需指定相应的参数也能解压文件，当然指定选项也不会报错，for Example：
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 4560
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  505453 Apr  8 09:55 ziptest.tar.bz2
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  880963 Apr  8 09:53 ziptest.tar.gz
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   98388 Apr  8 09:54 ziptest.tar.xz
      [root@cacti tmp]# tar -xvf ziptest.tar.bz2
      ziptest/
      ziptest/messages.2
      ziptest/messages.1
      ziptest/messages
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 4564
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 17:22 ziptest
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  505453 Apr  8 09:55 ziptest.tar.bz2
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  880963 Apr  8 09:53 ziptest.tar.gz
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   98388 Apr  8 09:54 ziptest.tar.xz
      [root@cacti tmp]# rm -rf ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# tar -xvf ziptest.tar.gz
      ziptest/
      ziptest/messages.2
      ziptest/messages.1
      ziptest/messages
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 4564
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 17:22 ziptest
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  505453 Apr  8 09:55 ziptest.tar.bz2
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  880963 Apr  8 09:53 ziptest.tar.gz
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   98388 Apr  8 09:54 ziptest.tar.xz
      [root@cacti tmp]# rm -rf ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# tar -xvf ziptest.tar.xz
      ziptest/
      ziptest/messages.2
      ziptest/messages.1
      ziptest/messages
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 4564
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 17:22 ziptest
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  505453 Apr  8 09:55 ziptest.tar.bz2
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  880963 Apr  8 09:53 ziptest.tar.gz
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   98388 Apr  8 09:54 ziptest.tar.xz
      [root@cacti tmp]# rm -rf ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# tar -jxvf  ziptest.tar.bz2
      ziptest/
      ziptest/messages.2
      ziptest/messages.1
      ziptest/messages
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 4564
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 17:22 ziptest
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  505453 Apr  8 09:55 ziptest.tar.bz2
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  880963 Apr  8 09:53 ziptest.tar.gz
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   98388 Apr  8 09:54 ziptest.tar.xz
      [root@cacti tmp]# rm -rf ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# tar -zxvf ziptest.tar.gz
      ziptest/
      ziptest/messages.2
      ziptest/messages.1
      ziptest/messages
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 4564
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 17:22 ziptest
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  505453 Apr  8 09:55 ziptest.tar.bz2
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  880963 Apr  8 09:53 ziptest.tar.gz
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   98388 Apr  8 09:54 ziptest.tar.xz
      [root@cacti tmp]# rm -rf ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# tar -Jxvf ziptest.tar.xz
      ziptest/
      ziptest/messages.2
      ziptest/messages.1
      ziptest/messages
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 4564
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 17:22 ziptest
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  505453 Apr  8 09:55 ziptest.tar.bz2
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  880963 Apr  8 09:53 ziptest.tar.gz
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   98388 Apr  8 09:54 ziptest.tar.xz

      //在tar包文件中添加新的文件，使用-r选项，for Example：
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 3104
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 17:22 ziptest
      [root@cacti tmp]# tar -cvf ziptest.tar ziptest/
      ziptest/
      ziptest/messages.2
      ziptest/messages.1
      ziptest/messages
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 12396
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 17:22 ziptest
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9512960 Apr  8 10:39 ziptest.tar
      [root@cacti tmp]# tar -r messages testbzip2.txt -f ziptest.tar
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 15484
      -rw------- 1 root root  3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root      989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root     4096 Apr  7 17:22 ziptest
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12677120 Apr  8 10:40 ziptest.tar
      [root@cacti tmp]# tar -tvf ziptest.tar
      drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2015-04-07 17:22 ziptest/
      -rw------- root/root   3167456 2015-04-07 11:42 ziptest/messages.2
      -rw------- root/root   3167456 2015-04-07 11:42 ziptest/messages.1
      -rw------- root/root   3167456 2015-04-07 11:30 ziptest/messages
      -rw------- root/root   3167456 2015-04-07 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- root/root       989 2015-04-07 14:50 testbzip2.txt

      //将归档文件解压到新的目录，使用-C选项，注意，-C 及其后的目录放在前，放在后都可以
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 15484
      -rw------- 1 root root  3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root      989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root     4096 Apr  7 17:22 ziptest
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12677120 Apr  8 10:40 ziptest.tar
      [root@cacti tmp]# mkdir newdir
      [root@cacti tmp]# tar -C newdir -xvf ziptest.tar
      ziptest/
      ziptest/messages.2
      ziptest/messages.1
      ziptest/messages
      messages
      testbzip2.txt
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l
      total 15488
      -rw------- 1 root root  3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      drwxr-xr-x 3 root root     4096 Apr  8 10:44 newdir
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root      989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root     4096 Apr  7 17:22 ziptest
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12677120 Apr  8 10:40 ziptest.tar
      [root@cacti tmp]# ls -l newdir/
      total 3104
      -rw------- 1 root root 3167456 Apr  7 11:51 messages
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     989 Apr  7 14:50 testbzip2.txt
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Apr  7 17:22 ziptest