一、实验目的
思科交换机和华为交换机在一个网络拓扑中,启动生成树协议,但是由于两款交换机生成树协议不能协同工作,而导致网络瘫痪
这个问题非常头痛别说S系列就是NE40 80E之类的在和CAT76 65共存的STP也出问题尝试过MST RSTP 唯一可行的是STP。
本次实验为了解决华为设备和不同厂商运行MST问题
二、实验配置
思科配置:
spanning-tree mode mst
spanning-tree mst configuration
name yx
instance 1 vlan 2, 4, 6
instance 2 vlan 1, 3, 5
说明:创建VLAN 2,3,4,5,6。将偶数vlan绑定在实例1,基数vlan绑定在实例2
interface GigabitEthernet0/49
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport trunk allowed vlan 1-6
switchport mode trunk
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/50
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/51
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport trunk allowed vlan 1-6
switchport mode trunk
/连接华为交换机的接口改成trunk并且指定封装为802.1Q
华为配置:
#
vlan 1 to 6 /创建VLAN 1-6
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/1/1
port link-type trunk
port trunk permit vlan 1 to 6
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/1/2
port link-type trunk
port trunk permit vlan 1 to 6 /记得将连接思科交换机的接口改成trunk
stp enable /默认是disabled,真坑爹
[Quidway]stp mode mstp /STP模式使用MST
[Quidway]stp region-configuration /配置MST相关参数
[Quidway-mst-region]region-name yx /将MST域名改成yx,与思科交换机一致
Info: The new configuration won´t be active until you activate it
[Quidway-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 2 4 6
Info: The new configuration won´t be active until you activate it
[Quidway-mst-region]in
[Quidway-mst-region]instance 2 vlan
[Quidway-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 1 3 5
Info: The new configuration won´t be active until you activate it
说明:用户在配置MST域的相关参数,特别是配置VLAN映射表时,很容易引起网络拓扑
振荡。为了减少这种由于配置引起的振荡,MSTP在处理用户关于域的相关配置时,
并不会马上触发生成树重新计算,而是在用户激活配置的MST域相关参数或者开启
MSTP协议时,这些域的配置才会真正的生效。
[Quidway-mst-region]active region-configuration /激活MST region-configuration
故障:发现MST没有同步,笔者在检查MST name,instance等信息。确定两台设备MST信息一致。
解决方法:stp config-digest-snooping
查华为文档,解释是:
本命令可在二层端口视图下配置,也可在三层端口视图下配置。
本命令用于解决华为设备与其他厂商的设备互连时,在域名、修订级别、VLAN mapping表全都一致的情况下,由于BPDU报文密钥不一致导致两台设备不能正常互通的问题。配置stp config-digest-snoop命令可以使华为设备的BPDU报文密钥与其他厂商设备的BPDU报文密钥一致。
华为设备从新配置:
接口下开启
[Quidway]int g1/1/1
[Quidway-GigabitEthernet1/1/1]stp config-digest-snooping
[Quidway-GigabitEthernet1/1/1]int g1/1/2
[Quidway-GigabitEthernet1/1/2]stp config-digest-snooping
全局下开启
[Quidway]stp config-digest-snooping
查看:
思科设备:
Switch#show spanning-tree
MST0
Spanning tree enabled protocol mstp
Root ID Priority 32768
Address 000f.e2e4.0fae
Cost 0
Port 49 (GigabitEthernet0/49)
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Bridge ID Priority 32768 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 0)
Address 001e.f6d6.cd80
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Gi0/49 Root FWD 20000 128.49 P2p
Gi0/51 Altn BLK 20000 128.51 P2p
MST1
Spanning tree enabled protocol mstp
Root ID Priority 1
Address 001e.f6d6.cd80
This bridge is the root
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Bridge ID Priority 1 (priority 0 sys-id-ext 1)
Address 001e.f6d6.cd80
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Gi0/49 Desg FWD 20000 128.49 P2p
Gi0/51 Desg FWD 20000 128.51 P2p
MST2
Spanning tree enabled protocol mstp
Root ID Priority 2
Address 000f.e2e4.0fae
Cost 20000
Port 49 (GigabitEthernet0/49)
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Bridge ID Priority 32770 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 2)
Address 001e.f6d6.cd80
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Gi0/49 Root FWD 20000 128.49 P2p
Gi0/51 Altn BLK 20000 128.51 P2p
华为设备:
[Quidway]display stp root
MSTID Root Bridge ID ExtPathCost IntPathCost Root Port
-------- -------------------- ------------ ------------- -----------
0 32768.000f-e2e4-0fae 0 0
1 0.001e-f6d6-cd80 0 20 GigabitEthernet1/1/1
2 0.000f-e2e4-0fae 0 0
说明:MST同步,实验完成。
三、总结
1.华为设备默认STP是关闭的,需要手动开启。
2华为设备与不同厂商设备运行MST时需要开启stp config-digest-snooping