管理表空间和数据文件

管理表空间和数据文件

1.建立表空间:

create tablespace test datafile '/u01/test.dbf'  size 10M uniform size 128k #指定区尺寸为128k ,块大小为默认8K   #大文件表空间 create bigfile tablespace big_tbs datafile  '/u01/big_tbs.dbf ' size 100G

2.建非标准表

show parameter db alter system set db_2k_cache_size=10M create tablespace test datafile '/u01/test.dbf' size 10M blocksize 2K uniform size 128k   #常见错误 SQL> alter system set db_2k_cache_size=2M; alter system set db_2k_cache_size=2M ERROR at line 1: ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid ORA-00384: Insufficient memory to grow cache #解决 SQL> alter system set sga_max_size=400M scope=spfile; SQL> shutdown immediate; SQL> startup SQL> alter system set db_2k_cache_size=10M; System altered.

3.查看区大小与块大小

#区大小 conn y / 123 create table t(i number) tablespace test; Insert into t values(10) select bytes/1024 from user_segments where segment_name=upper('t'); #块大小 Show parameter block(默认64K) #非标准表空间的blocksize SQL> select * from v$dbfile; SQL> select name,block_size,status from v$datafile; SQL> select block_size from v$datafile where file#=14;

4.删除表空间

drop tablespace test include contents and datafiles

5.查表空间:

#查数据文件 select * from v$dbfile; #所有表空间 select * from v$tablespace; #表空间的数据文件 select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files;

6.建立undo表空间

create undo tablespace undotbs01 datafile '/u01/undotbs01.dbf' size 5M; #切换到新建的undo表空间 alter system set undo_tablespace=undotbs01;

7.建立临时表空间

create temporary tablespace temp_data tempfile '/u01/temp.db'  size 5M; create bigfile temporary tablespace bigtem tempfile '/u01/bigtemp.db'  size 5M;

8.改变表空间状态

(0.)查看状态

#表空间状态 select tablespace_name,block_size,status from dba_tablespaces; #数据文件状态 select name,block_size,status from v$datafile;

(1.)表空间脱机

alter tablespace test offline #如果意外删除了数据文件 alter tablespace test offline for recover

(2.)表空间联机

alter tablespace test online

(3.)数据文件脱机

select * from v$dbfile; alter database datafile 3 offline

(4.)数据文件联机

recover datafile 3; alter database datafile 3 online;

(5.)使表空间只读

alter tablespace test read only

(6.)使表空间可读写

alter tablespace test read write;

9.扩展表空间

#首先查看表空间的名字和所属文件及空间 select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space from dba_data_files order by tablespace_name;   #三种扩展方法 1.alter tablespace test add datafile '/u01/test02.dbf' size 10M(自动加一个datafile) 2.alter database datafile '/u01/test.dbf' resize 20M; 3.alter database datafile '/u01/test.dbf' autoextend on next 10M maxsize 1G;   #设定后查看表空间信息 select a.tablespace_name,a.bytes total,b.bytes used,c.bytes free,(b.bytes*100)/a.bytes "% used",(c.bytes*100)/a.bytes "% free" from sys.sm$ts_avail a,sys.sm$ts_used b,sys.sm$ts_free c where a.tablespace_name=b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name=c.tablespace_name;

10.移动表空间的数据文件

#先确定数据文件据在表空间 SQL>select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files where file_name='/u01/test.dbf'; #open状态 SQL>alter tablespace test offline; SQL>host move /u01/test.dbf  /u01/oracle/test.dbf; SQL>alter tablespace test rename datafile '/u01/test.dbf' to '/u01/oracle/test.dbf'; SQL>alter tablespace test offline;   #mount状态 SQL>shutdown immediate; SQL>startup mount SQL>host move /u01/test.dbf  /u01/oracle/test.dbf; SQL>alter database rename file '/u01/test.dbf' to '/u01/oracle/test.dbf';

11.表空间和数据文件常用的数据字典与动态性能视图

v$dbfile v$datafile dba_segments user_segments dba_data_files v$tablespace dba_tablespaces user_tablespaces