lnmp-初次体验

     在整个互联网web架构中，最近比较流行的轻量级web服务器nginx，功能和性能上越来越受欢迎。最近比较空闲了，从网络上看了些资料，自己尝试安装部署，算是初次体验吧。。我这里主要参考张宴的文章，声明下。
     一、lnmp环境的搭建
1、下载软件：
nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
php-5.2.14.tar.gz
php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
memcache-2.2.5.tgz
mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
pcre-8.10.tar.gz
eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
ImageMagick.tar.gz
imagick-2.3.0.tgz
软件大家可以到sourceforge.net或者到oschina.net去下载。

2、编译安装PHP 5.2.14所需的支持库：

tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13.1/
./configure –prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure –enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

tar xvzf freetype-2.4.4.tar.gz
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/freetype
make && make install

tar xvzf jpegsrc.v7.tar.gz
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/jpeg
make && make install

tar xvzf libpng-1.5.0.tar.gz
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libpng
make && make install

tar xvzf GD-2.0.35.tar.gz
链接头文件
ln -s /usr/local/libpng/include/pnglibconf.h /usr/include
ln -s /usr/local/libpng/include/png.h /usr/include
cd gd-2.0.35
aclocal
autoconf
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd2 --with-freetype=/usr/local/freetype --with-png=/usr/local/libpng --with-jpeg=/usr/local/jpeg
 make && make install

3、安装数据库mysql

 useradd -d /home/mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/data/mysql --with-charset=utf8 --with-extra-charsets=all --with-plugins=innobase,partition --enable-thread-safe-client

make

make install

cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

bin/mysql_install_db -–user=mysql 初始化数据库

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &

4、安装php

tar zxvf php-5.2.14.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.14 -p1
cd php-5.2.14/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-gd=/usr/local/gd2 --with-zlib-dir --enable-mbstring=all --with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/jpeg --with-png-dir=/usr/local/png --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap

make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
 cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

5、编译安装PHP5扩展模块

  tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure -enable-eaccelerator=shared -with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config –with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
cd imagick-2.3.0/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

 6、修改php.ini文件

 sed -i ‘s#extension_dir = “./”#extension_dir = “/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/”\nextension = “memcache.so”\nextension = “pdo_mysql.so”\nextension = “imagick.so”\n#’ /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i ‘s#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#’ /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i “s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g” /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i “s#; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#g” /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

7、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：

  mkdir -p /usr/local/eaccelerator_cache
  vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
 

[eaccelerator]
zend_extension=”/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so”
eaccelerator.shm_size=”64″
eaccelerator.cache_dir=”/usr/local/php/eaccelerator_cache”
eaccelerator.enable=”1″
eaccelerator.optimizer=”1″
eaccelerator.check_mtime=”1″
eaccelerator.debug=”0″
eaccelerator.filter=”"
eaccelerator.shm_max=”0″
eaccelerator.shm_ttl=”3600″
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period=”3600″
eaccelerator.shm_only=”0″
eaccelerator.compress=”1″
eaccelerator.compress_level=”9″

8、创建www用户和组，以及供blog.abc.com和www.abc.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录：
 

/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir /data/webappsu/blog
chown -R www:www /data/webappsu/blog

9、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：
 

cp -rp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf

这个目前暂时以默认文档创建模板，需要调优时要对其中的某些参数做修改。

 10、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为128（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：Linode 512 VPS ，此数值设为 24-32是合适的。

ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

    注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件使用reload。
 
 11、安装nginx前先检查下pcre库，如果pcre版本太旧或者未安装，则安装nginx会提示错误。

#rpm -qa |grep pcre
#tar xvzf pcre-8.12.tar.gz
#cd pcre-8.12
#./configure
#make && make install

下载nginx1.0.2源码包，并上传至服务器。
#useradd nginx
#tar xvzf nginx-1.0.2.tar.gz
#cd nginx-1.0.2
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
#make
#make install

12、vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
  

user  www www;
worker_processes  8;

error_log  /data/logs/error.log;
pid        /data/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000;
worker_rlimit_nofile 102400;

events {
    use epoll;
    worker_connections  102400;
      }

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    include       vhosts/*.conf;
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /data/logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    userid_expires  max;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    tcp_nodelay    on;
    server_names_hash_bucket_size  256;
    client_header_buffer_size      16k;
    large_client_header_buffers    4 256k;
    client_max_body_size           20m;
    client_header_timeout          3m;
    client_body_timeout            3m;
    send_timeout                   3m;
    fastcgi_buffers                8 128k;
    fastcgi_connect_timeout        300;
    fastcgi_send_timeout           300;
    fastcgi_read_timeout           300;
    fastcgi_buffer_size            128k;
    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size      256k;
    fastcgi_temp_file_write_size   256k;
    fastcgi_intercept_errors       on;
    output_buffers                 1 32k;
    postpone_output                1460;
    keepalive_timeout              30;
    gzip  on;
    gzip_types  text/plain text/htm text/css application/ x-javascript;
   }

 #mkdir vhosts
vim blog.conf
 

server{
       listen  80;
       server_name www.backter.com;
       index index.php index.html;
       root  /data/webappsu/blog;
       error_page 404 /404.htm;
       autoindex_exact_size on;
       access_log /data/logs/nginx-access/blog.log combined;

       location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
      {
      #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fastcgi.conf;
      }

    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
    {
      expires      30d;
    }

    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
    {
      expires      1h;
    }
  }

13、测试http://ip打开正常即证明安装无误。

    可以用webbench测试下负载压力，下面是我的测试性能：

   至此，整个lnmp部署完成，不过上面这个部署参考了张宴的文章，所以其实中间有很多加速插件初次都可以不安装的。。