DNS服务器配置小结(参考私房菜,马哥视频)

  1. DNS原理方面的东西就不介绍了,具体的可以看私房菜的DNS服务器部分,讲的很好。主要跟着私房菜的思路在虚拟机中重新实践下了吧

    a)需要注意一下几个重要的文件

    1. /etc/named.conf主配置文件,有区域的定义,一定要记住
    2. /var/named/这个文件夹下存放区域数据文件
    3. /etc/rc.d/init.d/named命令可以使用reload,start,restart,stop
    4. /var/log/messages登录日志信息

    b)几个检查是否有语法错误的命令named-checkconf;named-checkzone;

    c)区域的定义

    zone "ZONE NAME" IN {

    type {master|slave|hint|forward};

    }

    如果是主、从区域需要添加file " ,从区域还需要些masters{ip;};"

    eg:定义根

    zone "." IN {

    type hint;

    file "named.ca";

    };

  2. 配置缓存DNS服务器(带转发功能)

    思路:通常安装完bind(centos6.4自带bind),所以如果只是配置缓存DNS服务器,那么已经具备基本条件了。需要修改/etc/named.conf主配置文件。

第一步:编辑主配置文件/etc/named.conf

[root@www ~]# cp /etc/named.conf /etc/named.conf.bak

[root@www etc]# vim /etc/named.conf

options {

directory "/var/named/";//指明区域文件放置的位置

//其他不写

};//分号结尾

//下面进行区域定义

//根域定义

zone "." IN {

type hint;//根域类型为hint

file "named.ca";

};

//定义本地正向解析

zone "localhost" IN{

type master;

file "named.localhost";

};

//定义本地反向解析

zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {

type master;

file "named.loopback";

};

[root@www etc]# named-checkconf 检查是否有语法错误

[root@www etc]# service named start

启动服务并尝试解析

[root@www etc]# dig www.baidu.com @127.0.0.1

; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6_6.3 <<>> www.baidu.com @127.0.0.1

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 50070

;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 13, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;www.baidu.com.INA

;; ANSWER SECTION:

www.baidu.com.120INA111.13.100.91

//第一次啥也不知道,所以会向根服务器请求查询,这里是递归

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

.401183INNSk.root-servers.net.

.401183INNSc.root-servers.net.

.401183INNSb.root-servers.net.

.401183INNSe.root-servers.net.

.401183INNSf.root-servers.net.

.401183INNSm.root-servers.net.

.401183INNSa.root-servers.net.

.401183INNSi.root-servers.net.

.401183INNSd.root-servers.net.

.401183INNSj.root-servers.net.

.401183INNSh.root-servers.net.

.401183INNSl.root-servers.net.

.401183INNSg.root-servers.net.

;; Query time: 19 msec

;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)

;; WHEN: Sun May 24 05:45:54 2015

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 258

  1. 设置正向解析区域liuliancao.com

    在/etc/named.conf后面添加

    //添加liuliancao.com这个正向域的说明

    zone "liuliancao.com" IN {

    type master;

    file"named.liuliancao.com";

    };

    在/var/named/目录下编辑named.liuliancao.com区域数据文件

    [root@www etc]# vim /var/named/named.liuliancao.com注释用;;双分号

    检查是否有错误

    named-checkzone "域名" 区域文件

    [root@www etc]# named-checkzone "liuliancao.com" /var/named/named.liuliancao.com

    zone liuliancao.com/IN: loaded serial 2015052601

    OK

    [root@www etc]# service named restart

    Stopping named: . [ OK ]

    Starting named: [ OK ]

    使用dig t NS|A|MX 域名测试是否成功设置

    [root@www etc]# dig -t A www.liuliancao.com查询某个主机的ip,注意对应的关系

    解析正常,此处省略

    [root@www etc]# dig -t MX liuliancao.com查询liuliancao.com这个区域内的MX记录

    解析正常,此处省略

    其他不再演示,主要可以熟悉下dig命令吧

  2. 配置反向域解析

    在/etc/named.conf后面添加

    zone "177.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {

    type master;

    file "named.177.168.192.in-addr-arpa"; &&

    |;

    [root@www ~]# vim /var/named/named.177.168.192.in-addr.arpa

    检查一下是否有问题

    [root@www etc]# named-checkzone "named.177.168.192.in-addr.arpa" /var/named/named.177.168.192.in-addr.arpa

    zone named.177.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 2015052601

    OK

    [root@www etc]# service named restart

    Stopping named: [ OK ]

    Starting named:

    Error in named configuration:

    zone localhost/IN: loaded serial 0

    zone 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0

    zone liuliancao.com/IN: loaded serial 2015052601

    zone 177.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: loading from master file named.177.168.192.in-addr-arpa failed: file not found

    zone 177.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: not loaded due to errors.

    _default/177.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: file not found

    [FAILED]

    发现文件名写错了&&标记处,抱歉

    [root@www etc]# service named restart

    Stopping named: [ OK ]

    Starting named: [ OK ]

    使用dig x ip反向解析

    [root@www etc]# dig -x 192.168.177.135

    解析正常,此处省略

    而此时在client端

    [root@localhost ~]# dig -x 192.168.177.130

    ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 <<>> -x 192.168.177.130

    ;; global options: +cmd

    ;; Got answer:

    ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 1942

    ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1

    ;; QUESTION SECTION:

    ;130.177.168.192.in-addr.arpa.INPTR

    ;; ANSWER SECTION:

    130.177.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 600 INPTRns1.liuliancao.com.

    130.177.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 600 INPTRwww.liuliancao.com.

    ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

    177.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 600INNSns1.liuliancao.com.

    ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

    ns1.liuliancao.com.600INA192.168.177.130

    ;; Query time: 3 msec

    ;; SERVER: 192.168.177.130#53(192.168.177.130)

    ;; WHEN: Wed May 13 18:23:18 2015

    ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 126

    泛域名解析

    在ZONE记录文件中增加A记录

    ;;定义泛域名

    * IN A 192.168.177.130

    而且要注意修改一下序列号,这样从服务器才会更新

    指定递归的服务范围,注意修改一下序列号,这样从服务器才会更新,修改不再截图

    修改/etc/named.conf中的option中allow-recursion{};

    options {

    directory "/var/named";//指明区域文件放置的位置

    allow-recursion{192.168.177.0/24;127.0.0.1;};//只给本局域网的用户递归

    };//分号结尾

    指定传送请求

    修改/etc/named.conf中的zone中的allow-transfer{};

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