Linux上安装paramiko模块
Linux上安装paramiko模块
一、paramiko模块作用
paramiko是用python语言写的一个模块，遵循SSH2协议，支持以加密和认证的方式，进行远程服务器的连接。由于使用的是python这样的能够跨平台运行的语言，所以所有python支持的平台，如Linux, Solaris, BSD, MacOS X, Windows等，paramiko都可以支持，因此，如果需要使用SSH从一个平台连接到另外一个平台，进行一系列的操作时，比如：批量执行命令，批量上传文件等操作，paramiko是最佳工具之一。
目前新的版本,官网：
https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko
旧版本地址：
http://www.lag.net/paramiko/legacy.html
二、安装新版本paramiko模块需要做以下准备：
1.Python2.5+ 版本（Linux, Unix, Windows都可以）,这里就直接安装Python2.7
下载地址：http://www.python.org
2.PyCrypto 2.1+ 模块（PyCrypto是使用Python编写的加密工具包）
下载地址：https://www.dlitz.net/software/pycrypto/
3.easy_install 工具（是Python安装模块的一个工具，像yum，可以自动解决依赖）
下载地址： http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py
三、Linux上安装paramiko（以CentOS release 6.4为例）
1.查看Python的版本，是否满足要求
[root@mongo02 ~]# python -V Python 2.6.6
符合，不需要升级
若不符合，升级步骤如下：
下载安装python2.7(如果gcc没有安装，请先安装好gcc)
源码安装python2.7
[root@mongo02 ~]# wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.5/Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2 [root@mongo02 ~]# tar jxf Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2 [root@mongo02 ~]# cd Python-2.7.5 [root@mongo02 Python-2.7.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7 [root@mongo02 Python-2.7.5]# make && make install [root@mongo02 Python-2.7.5]# echo "PATH=/usr/local/python2.7/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile [root@mongo02 Python-2.7.5]# source /etc/profile [root@mongo02 Python-2.7.5]# python -V Python 2.7.5 [root@mongo02 Python-2.7.5]# python Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 16 2013, 07:56:41) [GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-52)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>>
至此Python2.7 安装成功
2.安装easy_install 工具
[root@mongo02 ~]# wget http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py [root@mongo02 ~]# python ez_setup.py
3.安装paramiko模块
[root@mongo02 ~]# easy_install paramiko
安装时报错
warning: GMP or MPIR library not found; Not building Crypto.PublicKey._fastmath. src/MD2.c:31:20: error: Python.h: No such file or directory src/MD2.c:131: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token In file included from src/MD2.c:147: src/hash_template.c:48: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before ‘PyObject_HEAD’ src/hash_template.c:59: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘PyTypeObject’ src/hash_template.c: In function ‘newALGobject’: src/hash_template.c:69: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyObject_New’ src/hash_template.c:69: error: expected expression before ‘ALGobject’ src/hash_template.c: At top level: src/hash_template.c:76: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token src/hash_template.c:91: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token src/hash_template.c:110: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token src/hash_template.c:122: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token src/hash_template.c:162: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token src/hash_template.c:188: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token src/hash_template.c:190: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘ALG_methods’ src/hash_template.c:199: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token src/hash_template.c:225: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘ALGtype’ src/hash_template.c:271: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token src/hash_template.c:304: error: array type has incomplete element type src/hash_template.c:305: error: ‘PyCFunction’ undeclared here (not in a function) src/hash_template.c:305: error: expected ‘}’ before ‘ALG_new’ src/hash_template.c: In function ‘init_MD2’: src/hash_template.c:339: error: ‘PyObject’ undeclared (first use in this function) src/hash_template.c:339: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once src/hash_template.c:339: error: for each function it appears in.) src/hash_template.c:339: error: ‘m’ undeclared (first use in this function) src/hash_template.c:351: error: ‘ALGtype’ undeclared (first use in this function) src/hash_template.c:351: error: ‘PyType_Type’ undeclared (first use in this function) src/hash_template.c:352: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘Py_InitModule’ src/hash_template.c:356: error: ‘o’ undeclared (first use in this function) src/hash_template.c:356: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyInt_FromLong’ src/hash_template.c:356: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyDict_SetItemString’ src/hash_template.c:356: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyModule_GetDict’ src/hash_template.c:356: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘Py_DECREF’ src/hash_template.c:360: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyErr_Occurred’ src/hash_template.c:361: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘Py_FatalError’ error: Setup script exited with error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
解决办法：
yum -y install python-dev* yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-dev* yum -y install libxslt1.1* libxslt*
再次执行easy_install成功
[root@test1 ~]# easy_install paramiko Installed /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pycrypto-2.6.1-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg Finished processing dependencies for paramiko
4.验证导入paramiko模块
[root@mongo02 ~]# python Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Jan 22 2014, 09:42:36) [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import paramiko >>> paramiko. Display all 126 possibilities? (y or n) >>> paramiko. Display all 126 possibilities? (y or n) paramiko.AUTH_FAILED paramiko.SFTPServerInterface( paramiko.__version_info__ paramiko.AUTH_PARTIALLY_SUCCESSFUL paramiko.SFTP_BAD_MESSAGE paramiko._version paramiko.AUTH_SUCCESSFUL paramiko.SFTP_CONNECTION_LOST paramiko.agent paramiko.Agent( paramiko.SFTP_EOF paramiko.auth_handler paramiko.AgentKey( paramiko.SFTP_FAILURE paramiko.ber paramiko.AuthHandler( paramiko.SFTP_NO_CONNECTION paramiko.buffered_pipe
导入模块时，如果遇到以上问题,可能是由于gmp版本比较低造成的，gmp是什么，看官网的解释：
GMP is a free library for arbitrary precision arithmetic, operating on signed integers, rational numbers, and floating point numbers.
看样子是跟精度有关系
[root@mongo02 ~]# python Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 16 2013, 07:56:41) [GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-52)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import paramiko /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pycrypto-2.6-py2.7-linux-i686.egg/Crypto/Util/number.py:57: PowmInsecureWarning: Not using mpz_powm_sec. You should rebuild using libgmp >= 5 to avoid timing attack vulnerability. >>>
可以用以下方法解决：
先卸载低版本
[root@mongo02 ~]# rpm -qa | grep gmp gmp-devel-4.1.4-10.el5 gmp-4.1.4-10.el5 [root@mongo02 ~]# rpm -e gmp-devel-4.1.4-10.el5.i386 [root@mongo02 ~]# rpm -e gcc-gfortran-4.1.2-52.el5.i386 [root@mongo02 ~]# rpm -e gmp-4.1.4-10.el5 [root@mongo02 ~]# ldconfig
然后安装高版本的gmp
[root@server2 ~]# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gmp/gmp-5.1.2.tar.bz2 [root@server2 ~]# tar jxf gmp-5.1.2.tar.bz2 [root@server2 ~]# cd gmp-5.1.2 [root@server2 gmp-5.1.2]# ./configure && make && make install [root@server2 gmp-5.1.2]# echo "/usr/local/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf [root@server2 gmp-5.1.2]# ldconfig
再次尝试导入paramiko模块：
>>> import paramiko >>> dir(paramiko) ['AUTH_FAILED', 'AUTH_PARTIALLY_SUCCESSFUL', 'AUTH_SUCCESSFUL', 'Agent', 'AgentKey', 'AuthHandler', 'AuthenticationException', 'AutoAddPolicy', 'BadAuthenticationType', 'BadHostKeyException', 'BaseSFTP', 'BufferedFile', 'Channel', 'ChannelException', 'ChannelFile', 'DSSKey', 'ECDSAKey', 'GSSAuth', 'GSS_AUTH_AVAILABLE', 'HostKeys', 'InteractiveQuery', 'Message', 'MissingHostKeyPolicy', 'OPEN_FAILED_ADMINISTRATIVELY_PROHIBITED', 'OPEN_FAILED_CONNECT_FAILED', 'OPEN_FAILED_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE', 'OPEN_FAILED_UNKNOWN_CHANNEL_TYPE', 'OPEN_SUCCEEDED', 'PKey', 'Packetizer', 'PasswordRequiredException', 'ProxyCommand', 'ProxyCommandFailure', 'RSAKey', 'RejectPolicy', 'SFTP', 'SFTPAttributes', 'SFTPClient', 'SFTPError', 'SFTPFile', 'SFTPHandle', 'SFTPServer', 'SFTPServerInterface', 'SFTP_BAD_MESSAGE', 'SFTP_CONNECTION_LOST', 'SFTP_EOF', 'SFTP_FAILURE', 'SFTP_NO_CONNECTION', 'SFTP_NO_SUCH_FILE', 'SFTP_OK', 'SFTP_OP_UNSUPPORTED', 'SFTP_PERMISSION_DENIED', 'SSHClient', 'SSHConfig', 'SSHException', 'SecurityOptions', 'ServerInterface', 'SubsystemHandler', 'Transport', 'WarningPolicy', '__all__', '__author__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__license__', '__name__', '__package__', '__path__', '__version__', '__version_info__', '_version', 'agent', 'auth_handler', 'ber', 'buffered_pipe', 'channel', 'client', 'common', 'compress', 'config', 'dsskey', 'ecdsakey', 'file', 'hostkeys', 'io_sleep', 'kex_gex', 'kex_group1', 'kex_group14', 'kex_gss', 'message', 'packet', 'pipe', 'pkey', 'primes', 'proxy', 'py3compat', 'resource', 'rsakey', 'server', 'sftp', 'sftp_attr', 'sftp_client', 'sftp_file', 'sftp_handle', 'sftp_server', 'sftp_si', 'ssh_exception', 'ssh_gss', 'sys', 'transport', 'util'] >>>
一切正常，至此paramiko模块在Linux上安装完成