Oracle10gR2 on RHEL4 x86_64安装技术文档(英文原版)

Requirements for Installing Oracle 10gR2 RDBMS on RHEL 4 on AMD64/EM64T [ID 339510.1]
修改时间 20-DEC-2010     类型 BULLETIN     状态 PUBLISHED
Applies to:
Oracle Server - Enterprise Edition - Version: 10.2.0.1 and later   [Release: 10.2 and later ]
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Server x86-64 (AMD Opteron Architecture)
Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.0
Linux x86-64
Oracle Server Enterprise Edition - Version: 10.2.0.1 to 10.2.0.99

Requirements for Installing Oracle 10gR2 RDBMS on RHEL 4 on AMD64/EM64T

1. Hardware:
==========
* Minimum Hardware Requirements
   - 1 GB (1024 MB) of physical RAM
   - The following table describes the relationship between installed RAM and the configured swap space requirement.

     RAM                                                                  Swap Space
     =====                                                               ============= 
     Between 1024 MB and 2048 MB                       1.5 times the size of RAM 
     Between 2049 MB and 8192 MB                       Equal to the size of RAM 
     More than 8192 MB                                           0.75 times the size of RAM

   - 400 MB of disk space (and less than 2Tb of disk space) in the /tmp directory.

   - 1.2 GB of disk space for a preconfigured database that uses file system storage (optional)


2. Software:
=========
(For your convenience, Note 250262.1, "Validate instructions and Rulesets (10.2.x)" is available to assist you in checking for the following installation pre-requisites) 

* Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4 (Update 1 or newer),  which is Kernel 2.6.9-11.EL or newer.

* Required OS Components (per Release Notes, and Quick Install Guide) 

   o This list is based upon x86_64 RHEL AS/ES 4 "update 1". When a newer "update" level is used, the RPM release numbers (such as 2.6.9-11) may be slightly higher (such as 2.6.9-22 or 2.6.9-44). This is fine so long as you are still using RHEL AS/ES 4 RPMs.

   o binutils-2.15.92.0.2-13.0.0.0.2.x86_64.
        This is a patched version of the "update 1" RPM, and may be downloaded at http://oss.oracle.com/projects/compat-oracle/files/RedHat/ .
        The patched version of the "update 2" RPM (binutils-2.15.92.0.2-15.0.0.0.2) may be downloaded at http://oss.oracle.com/projects/compat-oracle/dist/files/RedHat/ .
        The "update 3" and above RPM (binutils-2.15.92.0.2-18+ (x86_64)) already contains the fix, and may be used.

   o libaio-0.3.103-3.i386.rpm     <<< both ARCH's are required. See below.
   o compat-db-4.1.25-9.x86_64.rpm
   o control-center-2.8.0-12.x86_64.rpm
   o gcc-3.4.3-22.1.x86_64.rpm
   o gcc-c++-3.4.3-22.1.x86_64.rpm
   o glibc-2.3.4-2.x86_64.rpm
   o glibc-common-2.3.4-2.x86_64.rpm
   o gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1.x86_64.rpm
   o libstdc++-3.4.3-22.1.x86_64.rpm
   o libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-22.1.x86_64.rpm
   o make-3.80-5.x86_64.rpm
   o pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm
   o sysstat-5.0.5-1.x86_64.rpm
   o xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2.x86_64.rpm

* Additional Required OS Components (per the runInstaller OUI)
   o intentionally blank

* Additional Required OS Components (per this NOTE) 

   o Please do not rush, skip, or minimize this critical step. This list is based upon a "default-RPMs" installation of x86_64 RHEL AS/ES 4. Additional RPMs (beyond anything known to Oracle) may be needed if a "less-than-default-RPMs" installation of x86_64 RHEL AS/ES 4 is performed. For more information, please refer to Note 376183.1, "Defining a "default RPMs" installation of the RHEL OS"

   o compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-47.3.x86_64.rpm
   o glibc-kernheaders-2.4-9.1.87.x86_64.rpm
   o glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.9.x86_64.rpm
   o libaio-0.3.103-3.x86_64.rpm     <<< both ARCH's are required. See above.
   o glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.9.x86_64.rpm     <<< both ARCH's are required. See next line.
   o glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.9.i386.rpm     <<< both ARCH's are required. See previous line.

The x86_64 packages are on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 x86-64 distribution. The i386 packages are also on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 x86-64 distribution.

Command syntax to differentiate between installed i386 RPMs and installed x86_64 RPMs is presented in the "Additional Notes" section below.

Note: i386 packages might require the --force option during installation if the 64-bit version of the same package is already installed. For example, "rpm -ivh --force glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.9.i386.rpm" may be required.


3. Environment:
============
* Modify your kernel settings in /etc/sysctl.conf (RedHat) as follows. If the current value for any parameter is higher than the value listed in this table, do not change the value of that parameter. Range values (such as net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range) must match exactly.

   kernel.shmall = physical RAM size / pagesize For most systems, this will be the value 2097152. See NOTE 301830.1 for more information.
   kernel.shmmax = 1/2 of physical RAM. This would be the value 2147483648 for a system with 4Gb of physical RAM.
   kernel.shmmni = 4096
   kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
   fs.file-max = 512 x processes (for example 65536 for 128 processes) 
   net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =9000 65500
     @per Bug 7507772
      The runInstaller (OUI) checks may expect this to be the old guidance of “1024 65000”. The new guidance from Oracle development is “9000 65500”. Please allow the runInstaller (OUI) to proceed with the new guidance from Oracle development.
   net.core.rmem_default = 262144
     @per Bug <<7507772>>
   net.core.rmem_max = 2097152
     @per Bug <<7507772>>
   net.core.wmem_default = 262144
   net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
     @per Bug 7507772

   net.ipv4.tcp_wmem or net.ipv4.tcp_rmem are not needed, and not recommended. For additional information, please see NOTE 560590.1, “How and When to use the net.ipv4.tcp_rmem and net.ipv4.tcp_wmem Linux kernel Parameters” 


   To activate these new settings into the running kernel space, run the “sysctl –p” command

* Hostname command should return the fully qualified hostname as shown
below:
   % hostname 
   hostname.domainname

* If any Java packages are installed on the system, unset the Java environment variables, for example JAVA_HOME.

* The oracle account used to install Oracle 10.2.0.X, should not have the Oracle install related variables set by default. For example setting ORACLE_HOME, PATH, LD_LIBRARY_PATH to include Oracle binaries in .profile, .login file and /etc/profile.d should be completely avoided.


4. Set Shell Limits for the oracle User. Assuming that the "oracle" Unix user will perform the installation, do the following:

   - Add the following settings to /etc/security/limits.conf

      oracle soft   nproc   2047
      oracle hard  nproc  16384
      oracle soft   nofile   1024
      oracle hard  nofile   65536

   - Add or edit the following line in the /etc/pam.d/login file, if it does not already exist:
      session required pam_limits.so

   - Add the following lines to /etc/profile:

      if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
         if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
            ulimit -p 16384
            ulimit -n 65536
         else
            ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
         fi
      fi

5. Create, change ownership, and change permission of the $ORACLE_BASE directory, using the appropriate section of the 10gR2 Quick Install Guide for x86_64.

6. Configuring the oracle User's Environment, using the appropriate section of the 10gR2 Quick Install Guide for x86_64. Note that setting $ORACLE_BASE (not $ORACLE_HOME) in the environment will ease a couple of entries in the Oracle Universal Installer.

7. Now you are ready to invoke your Oracle Universal Installer.
    a.)  it is best practice not to use any form of "su" to start the runInstaller, in order to avoid potential problems.




ADDITIONAL NOTES
----------------
1. Linux x86-64, support on AMD64/EM64T and Intel Processor Chips that adhere to the x86-64 architecture with supported Linux releases.
   -- Oracle 32-bit running on AMD64/EM64T with 32-bit OS is supported.
   -- Oracle 32-bit running on AMD64/EM64T with 64-bit OS is not supported.

2. Asynchronous I/O on ext2 and ext3 file systems is supported if your scsi/fc driver supports that functionality.

3. No extra patch is required for the DIRECTIO support for x86_64.

4. Following rpm command can be used to distinguish between a 32-bit or 64-bit package.
   #rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n" | grep glibc-devel
glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.13 (i386)
 

References

NOTE:301830.1 - Upon startup of Linux database get ORA-27102: out of memory Linux-X86_64 Error: 28: No space left on device
NOTE:339367.1 - Relinking Error Occurs While Installing 10.2.0.1 On RHEL4 x86-64
NOTE:339657.1 - Unable To Start OUI: not enough room in /tmp
NOTE:376183.1 - Defining a "default RPMs" installation of the RHEL OS
NOTE:560590.1 - How and When to use the net.ipv4.tcp_rmem and net.ipv4.tcp_wmem Linux kernel Parameters
NOTE:567506.1 - Maximum SHMMAX values for Linux x86 and x86-64