JMF拍照技术文档

                           JMF做USB摄像头刷卡拍照

拍照原理：

第一步：捕获摄像头视频

  captureDeviceInfo=CaptureDeviceManager.getDevice("vfw:Microsoft    

                  WDM Image Capture (Win32):0"); //这里放置的是视频驱动

  mediaLocator = new MediaLocator("vfw://0"); //这里是视频地址  确定所 

                                                         需协议和媒体资源的位置

  mediaLocator =  captureDeviceInfo.getLocator(); 

  DataSource ds = new DataSource();   //数据源

  ds.setLocator(mediaLocator);        //设置定位器      

  try {

        Manager.setHint(Manager.LIGHTWEIGHT_RENDERER,newBoolean(true));    //set Hint设置提示 LIGHTWEIGHT RENDERER轻量级渲染器会使图像显示效果更好

            player=Manager.createRealizedPlayer(mediaLocator);                  //将本地视频绑定到播放对象中，数据源绑定.  

            player.start();                 //启动，一般分为6个状态

    } catch (NoPlayerException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

    } catch (CannotRealizeException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

    } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

    }

第二步：抓取视频帧（拍照）

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { //拍照事件

  player.start();

  System.out.println("走了");

  //Frame Grabbing Controlattendance 帧抓取控制

  FrameGrabbingControl fgc=(FrameGrabbingControl)player.getControl

  ("javax.media.control.FrameGrabbingControl");//加载帧抓取控制 jar包

  buffer=fgc.grabFrame();                  //grabFrameFrame 抢帧

  bufferToImage=newBufferToImage((VideoFormat)buffer.getFormat());

  //bufferToImage 缓冲区图像  getFormat 获得格式  VideoFormat视频格式

  image=bufferToImage.createImage(buffer);        

  imagePanel.setImage(image);

  saveImage(image,"D:/photo/test.jpg");    //设置照片名称和保存图像

  player.close();

}

需要思考的问题：

由于USB摄像头是独享的，所以在整个系统中只能加载一次摄像头驱动。

导致的后果：

1.直接后果就是不能实现拍照预览功能！

2.如果首先开启本系统那么其它视频软件就不能运行了，相反如果首先开启其它视频软件那么本系统也不能运行！

(关于USB摄像头是独享性在我的另一片博文有详细介绍，希望看过文章的博友能够给个评论！ http://xieyang.blog.51cto.com/2375086/699193)

案例：

 import java.awt.BorderLayout;
  import java.awt.Component;
  import java.awt.Graphics;
  import java.awt.GraphicsConfiguration;
  import java.awt.GraphicsDevice;
  import java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment;
  import java.awt.HeadlessException;
  import java.awt.Image;
  import java.awt.Transparency;
  import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
  import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
  import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
  import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
  import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
  import java.awt.image.ColorModel;
  import java.awt.image.PixelGrabber;
  import java.io.File;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.util.Vector;

  import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
  import javax.media.Buffer;
  import javax.media.CaptureDeviceInfo;
  import javax.media.CaptureDeviceManager;
  import javax.media.Format;
  import javax.media.MediaLocator;
  import javax.media.NoPlayerException;
  import javax.media.control.FrameGrabbingControl;
  import javax.media.format.RGBFormat;
  import javax.media.format.VideoFormat;
  import javax.media.protocol.DataSource;
  import javax.media.protocol.PushBufferDataSource;
  import javax.media.util.BufferToImage;
  import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
  import javax.swing.JButton;
  import javax.swing.JPanel;

  import jmapps.jmstudio.CaptureDialog;
  import jmapps.ui.PlayerFrame;
  import jmapps.util.CDSWrapper;
  import jmapps.util.JMFUtils;

  public class Demo001 extends PlayerFrame {

      public Demo001() {
          super(null, "视频捕获窗口");
      }

      DataSource dataSource;          //数据源

      private CaptureDeviceInfo infor;  //获取视频设备 每个设备都对应着一个CaptureDeviceInfo对象

      //媒体定位器 在使用设备截取多媒体数据前，还需要从CaptureDeviceInfo中获取MediaLocator对象，使媒体定位器
      //MediaLocator指向该设备
      private MediaLocator mediaLocator;

      String str1 = "vfw:Logitech USB Video Camera:0";
      String str2 = "vfw:Microsoft WDM Image Capture (Win32):0";

      private String url = "vfw:Microsoft WDM Image Capture (Win32):0"; //视频设备驱动

      private Component com;   //定义播放组件变量  组件

      private JPanel panel;

      private int captureCount = 0;

      FrameGrabbingControl controlGrabber;   //FrameGrabbingControl 抓控制框架

      public void play() {
       //mediaPlayerCurrent当前媒体播放器 State状态
          if (mediaPlayerCurrent.getState() != mediaPlayerCurrent.Started) {
              mediaPlayerCurrent.start();
          }
      }

      private void init() throws NoPlayerException, IOException {

       // setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE);
          String nameCaptureDeviceAudio = null;  //捕获音频装置
          String nameCaptureDeviceVideo = null;  //捕获视频装置
          CaptureDialog dialogCapture = new CaptureDialog(this, null);   //捕获对话框 既select cuptrue Device
          dialogCapture.show();  //显示
          if (dialogCapture.getAction() == CaptureDialog.ACTION_CANCEL)
              return;
          CaptureDeviceInfo cdi = dialogCapture.getAudioDevice();  //CaptureDeviceInfo捕获硬件设备信息对象
          if (cdi != null && dialogCapture.isAudioDeviceUsed())  //AudioDeviceUsed 使用音频设备
              nameCaptureDeviceAudio = cdi.getName();
          cdi = dialogCapture.getVideoDevice();
          if (cdi != null && dialogCapture.isVideoDeviceUsed())  //VideoDeviceUsed 使用视频设备
              nameCaptureDeviceVideo = cdi.getName();

          dataSource = JMFUtils.createCaptureDataSource(nameCaptureDeviceAudio,
                  dialogCapture.getAudioFormat(), nameCaptureDeviceVideo,  //AudioFormat 音频格式
                  dialogCapture.getVideoFormat());                         //VideoFormat 视频格式
          DataSource cdswrapper = new CDSWrapper(   //包装数据源
                  (PushBufferDataSource) dataSource);  // PushBufferDataSource 推入缓冲区的数据源
          dataSource = cdswrapper;
          dataSource.connect();  //connect 连接
          open(dataSource);
          JPanel controlPanel = new JPanel();
          controlPanel.setName("controlPnael is here");
          add(BorderLayout.SOUTH, controlPanel);
          JButton capture = new JButton("拍照");

          //拍照代码
          capture.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

           public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {   //actionPerformed 执行的操作
                  mediaPlayerCurrent.stop();
                  Buffer bufferFrame;
                  BufferToImage bufferToImage;  //缓存影像
                  Image image;
                  BufferedImage bi;
                  controlGrabber = (FrameGrabbingControl) mediaPlayerCurrent  //媒体播放器电流
                          .getControl("javax.media.control.FrameGrabbingControl");   //加载帧抓取控制 jar包
                  bufferFrame = controlGrabber.grabFrame();   //grabFrameFrame 抢帧
                  bufferToImage = new BufferToImage((VideoFormat) bufferFrame
                          .getFormat());   //bufferToImage 缓冲区图像  getFormat 获得格式  VideoFormat视频格式
                  image = bufferToImage.createImage(bufferFrame);

                  File out = new File("capture" + (++captureCount) + ".png");
                  try {
                      bi = toBufferedImage(image);
                      ImageIO.write(bi, "png", out);   //把照片保存到特定目录去
                  } catch (IOException e1) {
                      e1.printStackTrace();
                  }

                  mediaPlayerCurrent.start();

              }
          });

          controlPanel.add(BorderLayout.CENTER, capture);  //把拍照按钮加载到面板中去

          JButton playStop = new JButton("暂停");
          // add(BorderLayout.SOUTH,playControl);

          //暂停代码
          playStop.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

              // @Override
              public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
                  mediaPlayerCurrent.stop();

              }
          });
          controlPanel.add(BorderLayout.EAST, playStop);

          JButton playStart = new JButton("开始");
          // add(BorderLayout.SOUTH,playControl);
          //开始代码
          playStart.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

              // @Override
              public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
                  // mediaPlayerCurrent.stop();
                  if (mediaPlayerCurrent.getState() != mediaPlayerCurrent.Started) {
                      mediaPlayerCurrent.start();
                  }
              }
          });
          controlPanel.add(BorderLayout.WEST, playStart);
          addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {  //Window Adapter 窗口适配器

           public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e) {
           mediaPlayerCurrent.stop();
                  Buffer bufferFrame;
                  BufferToImage bufferToImage;  //缓存影像
                  Image image;
                  BufferedImage bi;
                  controlGrabber = (FrameGrabbingControl) mediaPlayerCurrent  //媒体播放器电流
                          .getControl("javax.media.control.FrameGrabbingControl");   //加载帧抓取控制 jar包
                  bufferFrame = controlGrabber.grabFrame();   //grabFrameFrame 抢帧
                  bufferToImage = new BufferToImage((VideoFormat) bufferFrame
                          .getFormat());   //bufferToImage 缓冲区图像  getFormat 获得格式  VideoFormat视频格式
                  image = bufferToImage.createImage(bufferFrame);

                  File out = new File("capture" + (++captureCount) + ".png");
                  try {
                      bi = toBufferedImage(image);
                      ImageIO.write(bi, "png", out);   //把照片保存到特定目录去
                  } catch (IOException e1) {
                      e1.printStackTrace();
                  }

                  mediaPlayerCurrent.start();
     }
 @Override
              public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { //关闭窗口事件
                  mediaPlayerCurrent.close();   //播放关闭
                  dataSource.disconnect();   //断开数据源
                  System.out.println("exit.....");
                  System.exit(0);   //关闭窗口

              }
          });
      }

      //拍照
      public void Photo(){
       mediaPlayerCurrent.stop();
          Buffer bufferFrame;
          BufferToImage bufferToImage;  //缓存影像
          Image image;
          BufferedImage bi;
          controlGrabber = (FrameGrabbingControl) mediaPlayerCurrent  //媒体播放器电流
                  .getControl("javax.media.control.FrameGrabbingControl");   //加载帧抓取控制 jar包
          bufferFrame = controlGrabber.grabFrame();   //grabFrameFrame 抢帧
          bufferToImage = new BufferToImage((VideoFormat) bufferFrame
                  .getFormat());   //bufferToImage 缓冲区图像  getFormat 获得格式  VideoFormat视频格式
          image = bufferToImage.createImage(bufferFrame);
          File out = new File("capture" + (++captureCount) + ".png");
          try {
              bi = toBufferedImage(image);
              ImageIO.write(bi, "png", out);   //把照片保存到特定目录去
          } catch (IOException e1) {
              e1.printStackTrace();
          }
          mediaPlayerCurrent.start();
      }

      public static boolean hasAlpha(Image image) {
          // If buffered image, the color model is readily available
          if (image instanceof BufferedImage) {
              BufferedImage bimage = (BufferedImage) image;
              return bimage.getColorModel().hasAlpha();   //ColorModel颜色模型
          }
          // Use a pixel grabber to retrieve the image's color model;
          // grabbing a single pixel is usually sufficient
          PixelGrabber pg = new PixelGrabber(image, 0, 0, 1, 1, false);  //像素采集卡
          try {
              pg.grabPixels();   //抢像素
          } catch (InterruptedException e) {
          }

          // Get the image's color model
          ColorModel cm = pg.getColorModel();   //颜色模型
          return cm.hasAlpha();
      }

      public static BufferedImage toBufferedImage(Image image) {
          if (image instanceof BufferedImage) {
              return (BufferedImage) image;
          }

          // This code ensures that all the pixels in the image are loaded
          image = new ImageIcon(image).getImage();

          // Determine if the image has transparent pixels; for this method's
          // implementation, see e661 Determining If an Image Has Transparent
          // Pixels
          boolean hasAlpha = hasAlpha(image);

          // Create a buffered image with a format that's compatible with the
          // screen
          BufferedImage bimage = null;
          GraphicsEnvironment ge = GraphicsEnvironment   //图像环境
                  .getLocalGraphicsEnvironment();  //获得本地图像环境
          try {
              // Determine the type of transparency of the new buffered image
              int transparency = Transparency.OPAQUE;   //transparency 透明度
              if (hasAlpha) {
                  transparency = Transparency.BITMASK;
              }

              // Create the buffered image
              GraphicsDevice gs = ge.getDefaultScreenDevice();  //默认皮肤设备
              GraphicsConfiguration gc = gs.getDefaultConfiguration();   //图形配置
              bimage = gc.createCompatibleImage(image.getWidth(null), image
                      .getHeight(null), transparency);
          } catch (HeadlessException e) {
              // The system does not have a screen
              System.err.println("The system does not have a screen!");
              System.exit(-1);
          }

          if (bimage == null) {
              // Create a buffered image using the default color model
              int type = BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB;
              if (hasAlpha) {
                  type = BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB;
              }
              bimage = new BufferedImage(image.getWidth(null), image
                      .getHeight(null), type);
          }

          // Copy image to buffered image
          Graphics g = bimage.createGraphics();

          // Paint the image onto the buffered image
          g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
          g.dispose();

          return bimage;
      }

      private MediaLocator autoDetect() {// 自动识别功能函数
          MediaLocator ml = null; // 视频采集设备对应的MediaLocator
          VideoFormat currentFormat = null;// 用户定制获得视频采集设备支持的格式
          Format setFormat = null;// 用户定制视频采集设备输出的格式
          Format[] videoFormats = null;// 视频采集设备支持的所有格式
          System.out.println(" AutoDetect for VFW");// VFW:微软的 Video for Windows
          // 获得当前所有设备列表  调用getDeviceList()方法获取设备的列表
          //通过CaptureDeviceManager对象获取系统中可用的视频和音频设备，并通过调用getDeviceList方法获得设备的列表
          Vector deviceList = CaptureDeviceManager.getDeviceList(null);
          CaptureDeviceInfo device = CaptureDeviceManager.getDevice(url);
          if (deviceList != null) {
              // 根据设备列表，找出可用设备名称
              for (int i = 0; i < deviceList.size(); i++) {
                  try {
                      CaptureDeviceInfo di = (CaptureDeviceInfo) deviceList
                              .elementAt(i);
                      // 如果设备名称以vfw开头
                      if (di.getName().startsWith("vfw:")) {
                          // 获得所有支持RGB格式
                          videoFormats = di.getFormats();
                          for (int j = 0; j < videoFormats.length; j++) {
                              // 我们只需要第一种RGB格式
                              if (videoFormats[j] instanceof RGBFormat) {
                                  currentFormat = (RGBFormat) videoFormats[i];
                                  break;
                              }
                          }
                          if (currentFormat == null) {
                              System.err.println("Search For RGBFormat Failed");
                              System.exit(-1);
                          }
                          // 通过设备，获得MediaLocator，这个很重要
                          ml = di.getLocator();
                      }
                  } catch (Exception npe) {
                      System.err.println("Unable to get Processor for device");
                      System.exit(-1);
                  }
              }
          } else {
              System.err.println("No Capture Device OK");
              System.exit(-1);
          }
          mediaLocator = ml;
          return ml;// 返回可用的设备medialocator
      }

      public static void main(String[] args) throws NoPlayerException,
              IOException {
          Demo001 demo = new Demo001();
          demo.setSize(100, 100);
          demo.autoDetect();
          demo.init();
          demo.play();
          demo.setVisible(true);
      }
  }