RAC环境下的备份与恢复（一）

  本节中将演示下rac环境下的数据的备份和完全恢复，rac的备份和恢复同单实例数据库对比，只是在处理归档日志上有些扩展，一般来讲，可以将归档日志存储在ASM磁盘组中，或者存储在集群文件系统上，NFS以及本地文件系统上，当归档日志存储在ASM，集群文件系统或者NFS上的时候，rac备份和恢复和单实例下的操作基本一致，下面的场景归档日志存储在ASM上！

一：查看rac归档的设置

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Mon Dec 12 20:09:56 2011 Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved. SQL> conn /as sysdba Connected. SQL> archive log list; Database log mode              Archive Mode Automatic archival             Enabled Archive destination            +FRA Oldest online log sequence     38 Next log sequence to archive   39 Current log sequence           39 SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered. SQL> conn sys/123456@racdb2 as sysdba Connected. SQL> archive log list; Database log mode              Archive Mode Automatic archival             Enabled Archive destination            +FRA Oldest online log sequence     14 Next log sequence to archive   15 Current log sequence           15 SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered.

二：查看ASM磁盘组中的归档日志

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1 [oracle@rac1 ~]$ asmcmd ASMCMD> cd FRA ASMCMD> ls RACDB/ ASMCMD> cd racdb ASMCMD> ls  ARCHIVELOG/ BACKUPSET/ CONTROLFILE/ ONLINELOG/ ASMCMD> ls archivelog 2011_12_12/ ASMCMD> ls archivelog/2011_12_12/ thread_1_seq_39.261.769724057 thread_2_seq_15.265.769695387

三：使用rman备份数据库

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Mon Dec 12 20:17:53 2011 Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved. connected to target database: RACDB (DBID=766822397) RMAN> delete noprompt backupset; RMAN> delete noprompt archivelog all; RMAN> run { 2> allocate channel c1 device type disk; 3> allocate channel c2 device type disk; 4> backup incremental level 0 5> tag 'racdb_bak_20121212' 6> format '/home/oracle/backup/racdb%U' 7> database plus archivelog 8> delete all input; 9> release channel c1; 10> release channel c2; 11> } RMAN> list backup of database summary; List of Backups =============== Key     TY LV S Device Type Completion Time     #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag ------- -- -- - ----------- ------------------- ------- ------- ---------- --- 7       B  0  A DISK        2011-12-12 20:34:22 1       1       NO         RACDB_BAK_20121212 8       B  0  A DISK        2011-12-12 20:34:22 1       1       NO         RACDB_BAK_20121212

四：创建基础数据

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Mon Dec 12 20:57:01 2011 Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved. SQL> conn /as sysdba Connected. SQL> create user test identified by hr account unlock   2  default tablespace users; User created. SQL> grant connect,resource to test; Grant succeeded. SQL> conn test/hr@racdb2 Connected. SQL> show user; USER is "TEST" SQL> create table t1 (a number); Table created. SQL> insert into t1 values (1); 1 row created. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> conn /as sysdba Connected. SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='USERS'; FILE_NAME ---------------------------------------- +DATA/racdb/datafile/users.259.769205541

五：删除users表空间数据文件

[oracle@rac2 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM2 [oracle@rac2 ~]$ asmcmd rm -rf +DATA/RACDB/datafile/USERS.259.769205541 ORA-15032: not all alterations performed ORA-15028: ASM file '+DATA/RACDB/datafile/USERS.259.769205541' not dropped; currently being accessed (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute) 上面的错误，据说是oracle的bug，很遗憾的是在10.2.0.5的版本中，这个问题没能解决，只能停止rac实例后删除数据文件 [oracle@rac2 ~]$ srvctl stop database -d racdb [oracle@rac2 ~]$ srvctl status database -d racdb Instance racdb1 is not running on node rac1 Instance racdb2 is not running on node rac2 [oracle@rac2 ~]$ asmcmd rm -rf +DATA/RACDB/datafile/USERS.259.769205541

六：进行恢复
在接下来的启动数据库操作将会失败，日志里面明显的告诉我们4号数据文件不存在

[oracle@rac2 ~]$ srvctl  start database -d racdb PRKP-1001 : Error starting instance racdb1 on node rac1 CRS-0215: Could not start resource 'ora.racdb.racdb1.inst'. PRKP-1001 : Error starting instance racdb2 on node rac2 CRS-0215: Could not start resource 'ora.racdb.racdb2.inst'. [oracle@rac1 ~]$ tail -f /u01/app/oracle/admin/racdb/bdump/alert_racdb1.log Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/admin/racdb/bdump/racdb1_dbw0_18977.trc: ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 4 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 4: '+DATA/racdb/datafile/users.259.769205541' ORA-17503: ksfdopn:2 Failed to open file +DATA/racdb/datafile/users.259.769205541 ORA-15012: ASM file '+DATA/racdb/datafile/users.259.769205541' does not exist ORA-1157 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN... Mon Dec 12 21:31:41 CST 2011 Shutting down instance (abort) License high water mark = 1 Instance terminated by USER, pid = 19192 将数据库启动到mount状态，利用rman进行还原和恢复 [oracle@rac2 ~]$ srvctl start database -d racdb -o mount [oracle@rac1 ~]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Mon Dec 12 21:33:17 2011 Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved. connected to target database: RACDB (DBID=766822397, not open) RMAN> restore datafile 4; Starting restore at 2011-12-12 21:34:08 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=145 instance=racdb1 devtype=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set restoring datafile 00004 to +DATA/racdb/datafile/users.259.769205541 channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/backup/racdb07mu24a1_1_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/racdb07mu24a1_1_1 tag=RACDB_BAK_20121212 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04 Finished restore at 2011-12-12 21:34:14 RMAN> recover datafile 4; Starting recover at 2011-12-12 21:34:41 using channel ORA_DISK_1 starting media recovery archive log thread 1 sequence 42 is already on disk as file +FRA/racdb/archivelog/2011_12_12/thread_1_seq_42.265.769726867 archive log thread 2 sequence 18 is already on disk as file +FRA/racdb/archivelog/2011_12_12/thread_2_seq_18.261.769725271 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log restore to default destination channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archive log archive log thread=1 sequence=41 channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/backup/racdb0bmu24qo_1_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/racdb0bmu24qo_1_1 tag=RACDB_BAK_20121212 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02 archive log filename=+FRA/racdb/archivelog/2011_12_12/thread_1_seq_41.266.769728883 thread=1 sequence=41 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log restore to default destination channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archive log archive log thread=2 sequence=17 channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/backup/racdb0cmu24qo_1_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/racdb0cmu24qo_1_1 tag=RACDB_BAK_20121212 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 archive log filename=+FRA/racdb/archivelog/2011_12_12/thread_2_seq_17.262.769728885 thread=2 sequence=17 media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished recover at 2011-12-12 21:34:46

七：验证

[oracle@rac2 ~]$ srvctl stop database -d racdb -o immediate [oracle@rac2 ~]$ srvctl start database -d racdb [oracle@rac2 ~]$ srvctl status database -d racdb Instance racdb1 is running on node rac1 Instance racdb2 is running on node rac2 [oracle@rac2 ~]$ sqlplus sys/123456@racdb2 as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Mon Dec 12 13:37:07 2011 Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> select * from test.t1;          A ----------          1

八：表决盘和ocr的备份

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ crsctl query css votedisk  0.     0    /dev/raw/raw7  1.     0    /dev/raw/raw8  2.     0    /dev/raw/raw9 located 3 votedisk(s). [oracle@rac1 ~]$ dd if=/dev/raw/raw7 of=vote.dbf 587744+0 records in 587744+0 records out [oracle@rac1 ~]$ file vote.dbf vote.dbf: binary Computer Graphics Metafile [oracle@rac1 ~]$ ocrcheck Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :          Version                  :          2          Total space (kbytes)     :     293624          Used space (kbytes)      :       3824          Available space (kbytes) :     289800          ID                       :    7468264          Device/File Name         : /dev/raw/raw5                                     Device/File integrity check succeeded          Device/File Name         : /dev/raw/raw6                                     Device/File integrity check succeeded          Cluster registry integrity check succeeded          Cluster registry integrity check succeeded 导出ocr，需要使用root用户 [oracle@rac1 ~]$  /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/bin/ocrconfig -export 1.ocr PROT-20: Insufficient permission to proceed. Require privileged user [root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/bin/ocrconfig -export 1.ocr [root@rac1 ~]# file 1.ocr 1.ocr: data

本文出自 “斩月” 博客，谢绝转载！