Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS + PostgreSQL 9.1

 

Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS + PostgreSQL 9.1

 

Mr. Neo Chen (netkiller), 陈景峰(BG7NYT)

中国广东省深圳市龙华新区民之街道溪山美地
518109
+86 13113668890
+86 755 29812080
<[email protected]>

版权 © 2011, 2012 http://netkiller.github.com

$Date: 2012-12-06 11:53:11 +0800 (Thu, 06 Dec 2012) $

 

 

1. Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS

安装环境

PostgreSQL 9.1

$ sudo apt-get install postgresql

$ sudo apt-get install postgresql
		

更改postgres管理员用户密码

$ sudo passwd postgres
Enter new UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: password updated successfully
		

然后切换到postgres用户环境

$ su - postgres
Password:
Added user postgres.
		

进入psql客户款, PostgreSQL的psql命令相当于sqlplus,mysql命令

$ psql
psql (9.1.6)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=#
		

退出\q

postgres=# \q
		

2. PostgreSQL 配置

su 到 postgres 用户

$ su - postgres
Password:
$ pwd
/var/lib/postgresql
$
		

备份配置文件，防止修改过程中损毁

cp /etc/postgresql/9.1/main/postgresql.conf /etc/postgresql/9.1/main/postgresql.conf.original
cp /etc/postgresql/9.1/main/pg_hba.conf /etc/postgresql/9.1/main/pg_hba.conf.original
		

2.1. postgresql.conf

启用tcp/ip连接，去掉下面注释,修改为你需要的IP地址，默认为localhost

listen_addresses = 'localhost'
			

如果有多个网络适配器可以指定 'ip' 或 '*' 任何接口上的IP地址都可能listen.

$ sudo vim /etc/postgresql/9.1/main/postgresql.conf

listen_addresses = '*'
			

2.2. pg_hba.conf

pg_hba.conf配置文件的权限需要注意以下，-rw-r----- 1 postgres postgres 4649 Dec 5 18:00 pg_hba.conf

$ ll /etc/postgresql/9.1/main/
total 52
drwxr-xr-x 2 postgres postgres  4096 Dec  6 09:40 ./
drwxr-xr-x 3 postgres postgres  4096 Dec  5 18:00 ../
-rw-r--r-- 1 postgres postgres   316 Dec  5 18:00 environment
-rw-r--r-- 1 postgres postgres   143 Dec  5 18:00 pg_ctl.conf
-rw-r----- 1 postgres postgres  4649 Dec  5 18:00 pg_hba.conf
-rw-r----- 1 postgres postgres  1636 Dec  5 18:00 pg_ident.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 postgres postgres 19259 Dec  5 18:00 postgresql.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 postgres postgres   378 Dec  5 18:00 start.conf
			

pg_hba.conf配置文件负责访问权限控制

# TYPE  DATABASE        USER            ADDRESS                 METHOD

# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local   all             all                                     peer
# IPv4 local connections:
host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            md5
# IPv6 local connections:
host    all             all             ::1/128                 md5
			

TYPE

local 本地使用unix/socket 方式连接, host 使用tcp/ip socket 方式连接

DATABASE

数据库名.

USER

用户名.

ADDRESS

允许连接的IP地址，可以使用子网掩码.

METHOD

认真加密方式.

下面我们做一个简单测试，首先配置pg_hba。conf文件

$ sudo vi /etc/postgresql/9.1/main/pg_hba.conf
host    *			dba         0.0.0.0/0       md5
host    test		test        0.0.0.0/0       md5
			

运行创建数据,用户 的SQL语句

CREATE ROLE test LOGIN PASSWORD 'test' NOSUPERUSER NOINHERIT NOCREATEDB NOCREATEROLE;

CREATE DATABASE test WITH OWNER = test ENCODING = 'UTF8' TABLESPACE = pg_default;
			

进入psql

$ psql
psql (9.1.6)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# CREATE ROLE test LOGIN PASSWORD 'test' NOSUPERUSER NOINHERIT NOCREATEDB NOCREATEROLE;
CREATE ROLE
postgres=# CREATE DATABASE test WITH OWNER = test ENCODING = 'UTF8' TABLESPACE = pg_default;
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# \q
			

使用psql登录

			
$ psql -hlocalhost -Utest test
Password for user test:
psql (9.1.6)
SSL connection (cipher: DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, bits: 256)
Type "help" for help.

test=> \l
                                  List of databases
   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |   Collate   |    Ctype    |   Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
 postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
 template0 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres
 test      | test     | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
(4 rows)

test=>
			
			

3. 创建dba用户

创建一个远程维护数据库dba用户，具有创建数据库与创建用户的权限

CREATE USER dba PASSWORD 'dba' CREATEDB CREATEUSER;
CREATE ROLE
		

进入psql

$ psql
psql (9.1.6)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# CREATE USER dba PASSWORD 'dba' CREATEDB CREATEUSER;
CREATE ROLE
postgres=# \q
		

使用psql登录

$ psql -hlocalhost -Udba postgres
Password for user dba:
psql (9.1.6)
SSL connection (cipher: DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, bits: 256)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=#