linux下如用fdisk新建分区

fdisk磁盘分区工具

1.首先查看硬盘信息

fdisk -l 如果有硬盘有剩余空间就可以对其进行分区
 

[root@bogon 桌面]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000471ad

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              26        3851    30720000   83  Linux
/dev/sda3            3851        4106     2048000   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4            4106       10444    50912256    5  Extended
/dev/sda5            4106       10444    50911232   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
#从上面看出/dev/sda空间已经用完了，/dev/sdb没有使用。

下面我们对/dev/sdb 进行分区

[root@bogon 桌面]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xfaa2aa49.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)
fdisk选中/dev/sdb 输入m所有基本选项都出现，输入n新建分区

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
有扩展分区和主分区，逻辑分区在扩展分区中建立。注意到括号中的1-4，最多只能建四个主分区（包括扩展分区）。先建一个主分区：

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p #建主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1 #分区号为1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): #直接回车默认从第一个柱面开始划分
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +2G #加空间大小，这里有很多种选择：+后面单位可以接M，G，K（记得要大写）表示划分你所加的空间，也可以是柱面数。不管怎样都不能超过该磁盘剩余的空间否则无效。

Command (m for help): p #分好后查看分区信息，刚所做的所有一目了然。

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xfaa2aa49

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         262     2104483+  83  Linux

同上所述建立扩展分区：

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
e #建立扩展分区
Partition number (1-4): 4
First cylinder (263-2610, default 263):
Using default value 263
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-2610, default 2610): +4G

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xfaa2aa49

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         262     2104483+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb4             263         785     4200997+   5  Extended

扩展分区建好我们就可以在扩展分区建立逻辑分区了

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   l   logical (5 or over)
   p   primary partition (1-4)
l #建逻辑分区
First cylinder (263-785, default 263):
Using default value 263
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-785, default 785): +2G

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xfaa2aa49

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         262     2104483+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb4             263         785     4200997+   5  Extended
/dev/sdb5             263         524     2104483+  83  Linux
 

上面显示已经建好一个主分区，一个逻辑分区，但是这些现在还没有生效我们需要保存退出。

Command (m for help): w #保存退出
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

[root@bogon 桌面]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000471ad

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              26        3851    30720000   83  Linux
/dev/sda3            3851        4106     2048000   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4            4106       10444    50912256    5  Extended
/dev/sda5            4106       10444    50911232   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xfaa2aa49

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         262     2104483+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb4             263         785     4200997+   5  Extended
/dev/sdb5             263         524     2104483+  83  Linux

再次查看就看到了/dev/sdb的分区信息，虽然现在我们看到进行分区了，但是内核kenel还没有识别为了不要重启将分区表写入kenel我们要用到partprobe工具：使kenel重新读取分区表。

[root@bogon 桌面]# partprobe
Warning: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sda (设备或资源忙).  As a result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.

kenel识别分区表后，我们还不能使用它要对其进行格式化。mkfs.加文件系统格式，扩展分区是不能格式化的。

[root@bogon 桌面]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 #格式化成ext4文件格式（要分区格式化，不能将整个硬盘格式化）
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131648 inodes, 526120 blocks
26306 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216
17 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7744 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

正在写入inode表: 完成                           
Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@bogon 桌面]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb5 #格式化逻辑分区
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131648 inodes, 526120 blocks
26306 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216
17 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7744 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

正在写入inode表: 完成                           
Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

格式化后就可以使用了

[root@bogon 桌面]# mkdir /bak
[root@bogon 桌面]# mount -o loop /dev/sdb1 /bak #挂载该分区到/bak
[root@bogon 桌面]# df -TH #查看当前硬盘挂载信息
文件系统    类型      容量  已用  可用 已用%% 挂载点
/dev/sda5     ext4      52G   3.9G    45G   8% /
tmpfs        tmpfs     528M   279k   528M   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1     ext4     204M    28M   166M  15% /boot
/dev/sda2     ext4      31G   2.9G    27G  10% /usr
.host:/     vmhgfs     144G    41G   104G  29% /mnt/hgfs
/ios/RHEL6.3.iso
           iso9660     3.2G   3.2G      0 100% /guazai
/dev/sdb1     ext4     2.2G    71M   2.0G   4% /bak

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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