zabbix安装配置及邮件报警

zabbix安装配置简单，参照官网手册就好了，关键是记录下过程中遇到的奇葩问题
https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/start

centos5.8 x86_64    lnmp环境  
zabbix2.0.5源码包安装
http://sourceforge.net/settings/mirror_choices?projectname=zabbix&filename=ZABBIX%20Latest%20Stable/2.0.5/zabbix-2.0.5.tar.gz

一、zabbix安装
1）帐号创建：
groupadd zabbix
useradd -g zabbix zabbix
2)创建zabbix数据库（注意：将zabbix数据库按顺序导入，否则可能会出错）
mysql>create database zabbix;
mysql>exit;
#mysql -uroot -p zabbix<database/mysql/schema.sql
#mysql -uroot -p zabbix<database/mysql/images.sql
#mysql -uroot -p zabbix<database/mysql/data.sql
3）源码安装：
#tar -zxvf zabbix-2.0.5.tar.gz
#cd zabbix-2.0.5
#./configure --enable-server --enable-agent --with-mysql --with-net-snmp --with-libcurl
#make install
安装路径默认在：/usr/local/{sbin,etc,....}下

二、配置文件更改
#vi /usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf
ListenPort=10051
LogFile=/tmp/zabbix_server.log
DebugLevel=4                          #调试时可以将dubug log值开启高一点
PidFile=/tmp/zabbix_server.pid
DBHost=localhost
DBName=zabbix
DBUser=root
DBPassword=123456
DBSocket=/tmp/mysql.sock
DBPort=3306
ListenIP=42.120.x.x

启动服务：
/usr/local/sbin/zabbix_server -c /usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf

三、配置zabbix的web管理访问
#cd zabbix-2.0.5
#cp -a frontends/php /home/wwwroot/zabbix  
zabbix的web前端是用php写的，将其代码文件拷贝到可访问的web目录下即可, /home/wwwroot/zabbix是我的web目录
#chown www.www -R /home/wwwroot/zabbix
我的lnmp环境，nginx创建虚拟主机访问：

log_format  monitor.yr.com  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '
             '$status $body_bytes_sent $http_referer '
             '$http_user_agent $http_x_forwarded_for';
server
        {
                listen       80;
                server_name monitor.yr.com;
                index index.html index.htm index.php default.html default.htm default.php;
                root  /home/wwwroot/zabbix/;

                location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
                        {
                                try_files $uri =404;
                                fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
                                fastcgi_index index.php;
                                include fcgi.conf;
                        }

                location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
                        {
                                expires      30d;
                        }

                location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
                        {
                                expires      12h;
                        }
                access_log  /home/wwwlogs/monitor.yr.com.log  monitor.yr.com;
        }

/etc/init.d/nginx reload
/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
WEB访问:http://monitor.yr.com  默认用户名admin 密码zabbix
按照提示输入数据库的连接信息及主机端口,依次：
Database type : mysql
Database host : localhost
Database name : zabbix
User          : root
Password      : 123456
Host          : 42.120.x.x
Port          : 10051
完成后这些信息是会记录到对应的前端php代码文件中：

#more /home/wwwroot/zabbix/conf/zabbix.conf.php
<?php
// Zabbix GUI configuration file
global $DB;
$DB['TYPE']     = 'MYSQL';
$DB['SERVER']   = 'localhost';
$DB['PORT']     = '3306';
$DB['DATABASE'] = 'zabbix';
$DB['USER']     = 'root';
$DB['PASSWORD'] = '123456';
// SCHEMA is relevant only for IBM_DB2 database
$DB['SCHEMA'] = '';
$ZBX_SERVER      = '42.120.x.x';
$ZBX_SERVER_PORT = '10051';
$ZBX_SERVER_NAME = '';
$IMAGE_FORMAT_DEFAULT = IMAGE_FORMAT_PNG;
?>

四、利用postfix配置邮件服务器发送报警
postfix安装略，可直接yum install postfix
配置文件更改：

#vi /etc/postfix/main.cf
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
command_directory = /usr/sbin
daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix
mail_owner = postfix
myhostname = internal.yr.com         #邮件域名
mydomain = internal.yr.com
myorigin = $mydomain
inet_interfaces = all
#注意，这里权限开放错误的话，会导致邮件发送不出去，开始时没理解，只设了允许本机IP，导致其它机器测试telnet 25过来全不通，WEB管理界面Monitoring-->Events-->Time可查看出错信息
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
mynetworks = 42.120.x.x, 127.0.0.1
relay_domains = $mydestination, 42.120.x.x, internal.yr.com
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
home_mailbox = Maildir/

smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP unknow
debug_peer_level = 2
debugger_command =
         PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin
         xxgdb $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix
setgid_group = postdrop
html_directory = no
manpage_directory = /usr/share/man
sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/samples
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/README_FILES

/etc/init.d/postfix start

================
过程中出现的问题
================
如果出现管理界面zabbix服务未启动：Zabbix server is not running the information displayed may not be current
Zabbix Server is running的值为NO
注意检查：
1）/etc/hosts文件
#127.0.0.1               localhost.localdomain localhost
42.120.x.x    aliyun      #localhost注意更改成自己的主机名,这个问题折腾了很久，42.120.x.x是我本机的外网IP
127.0.0.1 internal.yr.com localhost.localdomain localhost    后面邮件告警设置时指定的域名

2）查看日志/tmp/zabbix_server.log分析错误，本地测下mysql权限是否开放
#mysql -h 42.120.x.x -P 3306 -u root -p
#fgrep -A 5 DBconnect /tmp/zabbix_server.log            检查数据库连接信息
调试过程：
mysql>grant all on zabbix.* to 'root'@'42.120.x.x';     #如没有权限则需赋权
mysql>drop user root@'42.120.x.x';
mysql>create user root@'42.120.x.x' identified by '123456';
mysql>show grants for [email protected];
mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to root@'42.120.x.x';
mysql>flush privileges;
smysql>show grants for root@localhost;
如果不希望以root帐号来连接数据库，可以创建zabbix帐号来连接zabbix数据库，赋予权限. web管理界面连接时更改为zabbix帐号来连接
mysql> grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost identified by 'zabbix';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show grants for zabbix@localhost;
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for zabbix@localhost                                                                                   |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'zabbix'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*DEEF4D7D88CD046ECA02A80393B7780A63E7E789' |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `zabbix`.* TO 'zabbix'@'localhost'                                                    |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

本地测试
#mysql -h localhost -uzabbix -p

3）telnet localhost 10051    检查zabbix端口是否开通
防火墙对应端口10050是否开放或selinux是否关闭

邮件发送不出去问题：
sendmail [email protected] 或mail -s "test" [email protected] 服务器上测试邮件发出是正常的可以收到，日志文件中也查看不出错误，查看web界面envents记录如下：

 

 如上提示连接不上smtp服务器，测试telnet  42.120.x.x  25确实如此，前面已经提到需要更改postfix配置文件中inet_interfaces = all ,或者限制开放部分IP访问25端口的权限。还有注意hosts里的localhost  

附：常用详细参数说明 
ListenPort=10051
LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log
LogFileSize=32
PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_server.pid
DBHost=10.80.100.247
DBName=zabbix                            zabbix所属数据库名称
DBUser=zabbix                            zabbix所属数据库用户
DBPassword=xxxxxx                        zabbix数据库密码
DBSocket=/data/mysql/log/mysqld.sock
DBPort=3306
StartPollers=512                         轮询的初始值（0-1000）
#StartIPMIPollers=4                      IPMI轮询的初始值（0-1000）
StartPollersUnreachable=40               轮询不可达的主机数（包括IPMI 0-1000）
#StartTrappers=8                         捕获的初始值（0-1000）
StartPingers=20                          ping的初始值（0-1000）
StartDiscoverers=40                      自动发现的初始值（0-250）
ListenIP=10.80.x.x
HousekeepingFrequency=2
CacheSize=64M                            缓存大小
StartDBSyncers=8                         数据库同步时间
HistoryCacheSize=64M
TrendCacheSize=64M                       总趋势缓存大小
HistoryTextCacheSize=64M
Timeout=30
AlertScriptsPath=/var/lib/zabbixsrv/alertscripts       脚本的存放位置
ExternalScripts=/var/lib/zabbixsrv/externalscripts
FpingLocation=/usr/sbin/fping
LogSlowQueries=5000                                    日志慢查询设定
Include=/etc/zabbix_server.general.conf
Include=/etc/zabbix_server.conf.d