ORACLE 11g 新特性:Active Data Guard

 在Oracle 11g之前,物理备库(physical Standby)在应用redo的时候,是不可以打开的,只可以mount。从11g开始,在应用redo的时候,物理备库可以处于read-only模式,这就称为Active Data Guard 。通过Active Data Guard,可以在物理备库进行查询或者导出数据,从而减少对主库的访问和压力。


Active Data Guard适用于一些只读性的应用,比如,有的应用程序只是查询数据,进行一些报表业务,不会产生redo数据,这些应用可以转移到备库上,避免对主库资源的争用。

 

 Oracle Active Data Guard 是Oracle Database Enterprise Edition的一个功能,需要额外付费来使用这个功能。

如需启用Active Data Guard, 只需要将备库以 read-only 模式打开,而且执行 ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE语句就可以。需要注意的是:主库和备库的COMPATIBLE 参数至少要设置为11.0.0。

 

如下:在备库执行:
SQL>startup mount;
SQL>alter database open read only;
SQL>ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

 

如果已经启用了Active Data Guard,备库的V$DATABASE会显示为"READ ONLY WITH APPLY':

SQL> SELECT open_mode FROM V$DATABASE;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ ONLY WITH APPLY

 

注意:使用Active
Data Guard
要求主库和备库的COMPATIBLE 参数至少设置为11.0.0


为了保证备库数据的实时性,需要在备库启动real-time apply:
SQL>ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE;

下面的功能是允许在read-only的数据库上执行的:
• Issue SELECT statements, including queries that require multiple sorts that leverage TEMP
segments
• Use ALTER SESSION and ALTER SYSTEM statements
• Use SET ROLE
• Call stored procedures
• Use database links (dblinks) to write to remote databases
• Use stored procedures to call remote procedures via dblinks
• Use SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY for transaction level read consistency
• Issue complex queries (such as grouping SET queries and WITH CLAUSE queries)

下面的功能是不允许在read-only的数据库上执行的:
• Any DMLs (excluding simple SELECT statements) or DDLs
• Query accessing local sequences
• DMLs to local temporary tables

比较典型的Active Data Guard 分为:
• 单实例的物理主库和单实例的物理备库
• 主库为Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) ,备库为单实例
• RAC主库和RAC备库

Oracle Data Guard 的配置方法,,请参考下面的文档:

 

* 单实例的物理主库和单实例的物理备库:
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28294/create_ps.htm

* 主库为Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) ,备库为单实例:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/availability/maa-wp-10g-racprimarysingleinstance-131970.pdf

* RAC 主库和RAC 备库:
10g: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/availability/maa-wp-10g-racprimaryracphysicalsta-131940.pdf
11g: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/availability/dataguard11g-rac-maa-1-134639.pdf

* 关于Active Data Guard的最佳实践经验,请参考文档:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/availability/maa-wp-11gr1-activedataguard-1-128199.pdf

 

* 关于Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture Best Practices的更多文档,请参考:
http://www.oracle.com/goto/maa

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