CCNP自学之路――eigrp--1
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1，show ip eigrp interface 显示的内容解释：
显示使用了network命令通告的接口ip地址的信息（或者具体的对应的ip地址或者对应的网段），但不会显示被动接口。但是可以通过
show ip process 命令显示被动接口。只要…………就…………除了…………
R4:
interface FastEthernet1/0
ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet1/1
ip address 10.10.11.2 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet2/0
ip address 10.10.12.2 255.255.252.0
router eigrp 1
network 10.0.0.0
no auto-summary
只通告了相应的网段，支持无类路由。
R4(config-router)# do show ip eigrp inter
IP-EIGRP interfaces for process 1
Xmit Queue Mean Pacing Time Multicast Pending
Interface Peers Un/Reliable SRTT Un/Reliable Flow Timer Routes
Fa1/0 1 0/0 1312 0/10 0 0
Fa1/1 1 0/0 1301 0/10 0 0
Fa2/0 1 0/0 1318 0/10 0 0
2，hello报文。：debug eigrp packets
show ip eigrp interface detail：在某个路由器的接口上执行：ip hello-interval eigrp asn ，只会影响本路由器的该接口的hello时间，hello
IP-EIGRP interfaces for process 1
Xmit Queue Mean Pacing Time Multicast Pending
Interface Peers Un/Reliable SRTT Un/Reliable Flow Timer Routes
Fa1/0 1 0/0 1312 0/10 0 0
Hello interval is 5 sec
Next xmit serial <none>
Un/reliable mcasts: 0/0 Un/reliable ucasts: 3/3
Mcast exceptions: 0 CR packets: 0 ACKs suppressed: 1
Retransmissions sent: 0 Out-of-sequence rcvd: 0
Authentication mode is not set
Fa1/1 1 0/0 1301 0/10 0 0
Hello interval is 5 sec
Next xmit serial <none>
Un/reliable mcasts: 0/0 Un/reliable ucasts: 3/3
Mcast exceptions: 0 CR packets: 0 ACKs suppressed: 1
Retransmissions sent: 0 Out-of-sequence rcvd: 0
Authentication mode is not set
Fa2/0 1 0/0 1318 0/10 0 0
Hello interval is 5 sec
Next xmit serial <none>
Un/reliable mcasts: 0/0 Un/reliable ucasts: 3/3
Mcast exceptions: 0 CR packets: 0 ACKs suppressed: 1
Xmit Queue Mean Pacing Time Multicast Pending
Interface Peers Un/Reliable SRTT Un/Reliable Flow Timer Routes
Retransmissions sent: 0 Out-of-sequence rcvd: 0
Authentication mode is not set
R4#show ip eigrp interfaces detail
IP-EIGRP interfaces for process 1
Xmit Queue Mean Pacing Time Multicast Pending
Interface Peers Un/Reliable SRTT Un/Reliable Flow Timer Routes
Fa1/0 1 0/0 1312 0/10 0 0
Hello interval is 5 sec
Next xmit serial <none>
Un/reliable mcasts: 0/0 Un/reliable ucasts: 3/3
Mcast exceptions: 0 CR packets: 0 ACKs suppressed: 1
Retransmissions sent: 0 Out-of-sequence rcvd: 0
Authentication mode is not set
Fa1/1 1 0/0 1301 0/10 0 0
Hello interval is 15 sec
Next xmit serial <none>
Un/reliable mcasts: 0/0 Un/reliable ucasts: 3/3
Mcast exceptions: 0 CR packets: 0 ACKs suppressed: 1
Retransmissions sent: 0 Out-of-sequence rcvd: 0
Authentication mode is not set
Fa2/0 1 0/0 1318 0/10 0 0
Hello interval is 5 sec
Next xmit serial <none>
Un/reliable mcasts: 0/0 Un/reliable ucasts: 3/3
Mcast exceptions: 0 CR packets: 0 ACKs suppressed: 1
3,hold-time
接口模式下：ip hold-timer eigrp asn
一般而言hold-timer是hello-interval的3倍，若hold-timer小于hello-intervar时间，就会导致邻居关系频繁的“一连一断”。
查看hold-timer时可根据hello-interval时间来估算，还可以根据 show ip eigrp neighbour显示的信息中 Hold Uptime来估算。
R4#show ip eigrp neighbors
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 1
H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
1 10.10.11.1 Fa1/1 44 00:15:35 115 690 0 163
2 10.10.12.1 Fa2/0 11 00:56:17 1318 5000 0 4
0 10.10.10.1 Fa1/0 14 00:56:17 1312 5000 0 4
R4#
4，eigrp被动接口。
R4(config-router)#passive-interface f1/1
R4(config-router)#
*May 16 22:26:47.179: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 1: Neighbor 10.10.11.1 (FastEthernet1/1) is down: interface passive
eigrp 的被动接口不发更新也不接收更新的。
在R5上debug eigrp packets后，与R4的f1/1相连的接口f1/0，只发送了报文，没有收到报文，原因是R5的f1/1无法发送报文。
R5#debug eigrp packets
EIGRP Packets debugging is on
(UPDATE, REQUEST, QUERY, REPLY, HELLO, IPXSAP, PROBE, ACK, STUB, SIAQUERY, SIAREPLY)
R5#
*May 16 22:27:51.251: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on FastEthernet1/0
*May 16 22:27:51.251: AS 1, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0
R5#
*May 16 22:27:56.107: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on FastEthernet1/0
*May 16 22:27:56.107: AS 1, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0
R5#
*May 16 22:28:00.411: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on FastEthernet1/0
*May 16 22:28:00.411: AS 1, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0
R5#debug eigrp packets
*May 16 22:28:05.295: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on FastEthernet1/0
*May 16 22:28:05.295: AS 1, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0
在R4上debug eigrp packets：原本，R4有三个接口：f1/1,f1/0,f2/0,在f1/1 上启用被动接口后，只有f1/0,f2/0, 有sending和receiving包。
*May 16 22:34:26.455: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on FastEthernet2/0
*May 16 22:34:26.455: AS 1, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0
R4#debug eigrp packets
*May 16 22:34:28.043: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on FastEthernet1/0
*May 16 22:34:28.043: AS 1, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0
R4#ndebug eigrp packets
*May 16 22:34:30.419: EIGRP: Received HELLO on FastEthernet1/0 nbr 10.10.10.1
*May 16 22:34:30.423: AS 1, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 peerQ un/rely 0/0
*May 16 22:34:30.819: EIGRP: Received HELLO on FastEthernet2/0 nbr 10.10.12.1
*May 16 22:34:30.823: AS 1, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 peerQ un/rely 0/0
*May 16 22:34:31.379: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on FastEthernet2/0
*May 16 22:34:31.379: AS 1, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0
show ip eigrp neighbour 命令将忽略被动接口，而show ip protocols 可以显示被动接口。
R4#show ip eigrp interfaces detail
IP-EIGRP interfaces for process 1
Xmit Queue Mean Pacing Time Multicast Pending
Interface Peers Un/Reliable SRTT Un/Reliable Flow Timer Routes
Fa1/0 1 0/0 1312 0/10 0 0
Hello interval is 5 sec
Next xmit serial <none>
Un/reliable mcasts: 0/0 Un/reliable ucasts: 3/3
Mcast exceptions: 0 CR packets: 0 ACKs suppressed: 1
Retransmissions sent: 0 Out-of-sequence rcvd: 0
Authentication mode is not set
Fa2/0 1 0/0 1318 0/10 0 0
Hello interval is 5 sec
Next xmit serial <none>
Un/reliable mcasts: 0/0 Un/reliable ucasts: 3/3
Mcast exceptions: 0 CR packets: 0 ACKs suppressed: 1
Retransmissions sent: 0 Out-of-sequence rcvd: 0
Authentication mode is not set
R4#show ip pro
R4#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "eigrp 1"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
EIGRP maximum hopcount 100
EIGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: eigrp 1
EIGRP NSF-aware route hold timer is 240s
Automatic network summarization is not in effect
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
10.0.0.0
Passive Interface(s):
FastEthernet1/1
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
10.10.11.1 90 01:10:52
10.10.10.1 90 01:51:32
10.10.12.1 90 01:51:32
Distance: internal 90 external 170
如果接口与eigrp的network命令匹配，eigrp仍然通告此被动接口的直连子网。。。
R4的f1/1接口直连的网段为 10.10.11.0/24,在该路由器上宣告的eigrp为：net 10.0.0.0.所以，R4仍然会吧该接口直连的子网通告给其他路由。
R6#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.10.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
D 10.10.11.0/24 [90/30720] via 10.10.10.2, 01:56:57, FastEthernet1/0
D 10.10.12.0/22 [90/30720] via 10.10.10.2, 01:56:57, FastEthernet1/0
R7#show ip ro
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
D 10.10.10.0/24 [90/30720] via 10.10.12.2, 01:57:45, FastEthernet1/0
D 10.10.11.0/24 [90/30720] via 10.10.12.2, 01:57:45, FastEthernet1/0
C 10.10.12.0/22 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0