linux常用命令(2)
date 显示当前系统时间
date -u 显示格林威治时间
date +%y-%m-%d 格式化显示当前时间
date -s "20:20:15" 修改时间(需要root权限)
clock 查看硬件时钟时间(同hwclock)
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[jiel@jiel /]$ date
Sat May 25 15:08:16 CST 2013
[jiel@jiel /]$
date-u
Sat May 25 07:11:36 UTC 2013
[jiel@jiel /]$
date+%y-%m-%d
13-05-25
[jiel@jiel /]$ su
Password:
[root@jiel /]# date -s 16:16:16
Sat May 25 16:16:16 CST 2013
[root@jiel /]# date
Sat May 25 16:16:18 CST 2013
[root@localhost /]# clock
Sat 25 May 2013 03:19:38 PM CST -0.473705 seconds
[2] Done
sleep5000
[root@localhost /]# hwclock
Sat 25 May 2013 03:19:47 PM CST -0.027284 seconds
[root@localhost /]#
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cal 查看系统日历
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[root@jiel ~]# cal
May 2013
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31
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uptime 查看系统运行时间
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[root@jiel ~]# uptime
15:21:47 up 2:44, 4 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
[root@jiel ~]#
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echo 输出内容
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[root@jiel ~]# echo skdjkjafjsdkjflksjjldkf
skdjkjafjsdkjflksjjldkf
[root@jiel ~]#
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head name 显示文件前10行
head -n 5 name 显示文件前5行
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[root@jiel ~]# head anaconda-ks.cfg
# Kickstart file automatically generated by anaconda.
install
cdrom
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
xconfig --startxonboot
network --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp
network --device eth1 --bootproto dhcp
rootpw --iscrypted $1$9yCBsYkJ$IqSx/Gj.pUgRs6vm.6UjM0
[root@jiel ~]# head -n 5 anaconda-ks.cfg
# Kickstart file automatically generated by anaconda.
install
cdrom
lang en_US.UTF-8
[root@jiel ~]#
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tail name 同head,显示文件末尾10行
tail -n 5 name 显示文件末尾5行
tail -f name 追踪文件更新,一旦文件有更新就显示更新内容,通常用来查看log文件
less name 翻页显示文件内容,可上下翻页
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[root@jiel ~]# less anaconda-ks.cfg
# Kickstart file automatically generated by anaconda.
install
cdrom
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
xconfig --startxonboot
network --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp
network --device eth1 --bootproto dhcp
rootpw --iscrypted $1$9yCBsYkJ$IqSx/Gj.pUgRs6vm.6UjM0
firewall --enabled --port=22:tcp
authconfig --enableshadow --enablemd5
selinux --enforcing
timezone --utc Asia/Chongqing
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="rhgb quiet"
# The following is the partition information you requested
# Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed
# here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is
# not guaranteed to work
#clearpart --all --drives=sda
#part /boot --fstype ext3 --size=100 --ondisk=sda
#part pv.7 --size=0 --grow --ondisk=sda
#volgroup VolGroup00 --pesize=32768 pv.7
#logvol / --fstype ext3 --name=LogVol00 --vgname=VolGroup00 --size=1024 --grow
#logvol swap --fstype swap --name=LogVol01 --vgname=VolGroup00 --size=1000 --grow --maxsize=4000
(end)
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lspci 查看pci设备信息
lsusb 查看usb设备信息
都可以加 -v 显示详细信息
lsmod 查看加载的驱动等模块
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[root@localhost /]# lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
[root@localhost /]# lsusb -v
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Device Descriptor:
bLength 18
bDescriptorType 1
bcdUSB 2.00
bDeviceClass 9 Hub
bDeviceSubClass 0 Unused
bDeviceProtocol 1 Single TT
bMaxPacketSize0 64
...............................................................
Hub Port Status:
Port 1: 0000.0100 power
Port 2: 0000.0100 power
[root@localhost /]# lsmod
Module Size Used by
autofs4 63049 3
hidp 83649 2
rfcomm 104937 0
..................................................................
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zip 文件名 要压缩的文件 压缩打包文件
unzip 文件名 解压缩文件
gzip 文件名 直接将次文件压缩
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[root@jiel ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop install.log install.log.syslog
[root@jiel ~]# zip aaa.zip anaconda-ks.cfg
adding: anaconda-ks.cfg (deflated 44%)
[root@jiel ~]# unzip aaa.zip
Archive: aaa.zip
replace anaconda-ks.cfg? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: y
inflating: anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@jiel ~]# ls
aaa.zip anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop install.log install.log.syslog
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tar -cvf 文件名 要归档的文件 创建一个归档文件(tar不会压缩)
tar -xvf 文件名 释放一个归档文件
如果参数加z会调用gzip 代表归档并压缩或解压缩后缀为.tar.gz
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[root@jiel ~]# tar -cvf jiel.tar /home/jiel
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
/home/jiel/
/home/jiel/.gconf/
/home/jiel/.gconf/apps/
...............................................................
[root@jiel ~]# ls
aaa.zip anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop install.log install.log.syslog jiel.tar
[root@jiel ~]# tar -xvf jiel.tar
home/jiel/
home/jiel/.gconf/
home/jiel/.gconf/apps/
........................................................
[root@jiel ~]#
[jiel@jiel ~]$ ls
Desktop firefox-21.0.tar.bz2 ja
[jiel@jiel ~]$
tar-cvzf jabackup.tar.gz ja
ja/
ja/jiel/
[jiel@jiel ~]$ ls
Desktop firefox-21.0.tar.bz2 ja jabackup.tar.gz
[jiel@jiel ~]$
tar-xvzf jabackup.tar.gz
ja/
ja/jiel/
[jiel@jiel ~]$ ls
Desktop firefox-21.0.tar.bz2 ja jabackup.tar.gz
[jiel@jiel ~]$
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locate jiel 查找计算机上所有有jiel的文件名(基于数据库查找)
updatedb 更新locate数据库
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[root@jiel ~]# locate jiel
/home/jiel
/home/jiel/.ICEauthority
/home/jiel/.Trash
/home/jiel/.bash_history
/home/jiel/.bash_logout
/home/jiel/.bash_profile
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find /home/jiel -name aa* 查找目录下所有以aa开头的文件
find /home/jiel -perm 777 查找目录下所有权限为777的文件
find /home/jiel -type d -name a* 查找目录下所有以a开头的类型是文件的
find /home/jiel -type l -name a* 查找目录下所有以a开头的类型是链接的
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[jiel@jiel ~]$
find. -name aa*
./aaa
[jiel@jiel ~]$
find. -perm 777
[jiel@jiel ~]$
find. -perm 770
[jiel@jiel ~]$ ll
total 23896
drwxrwxr-x 2 jiel jiel 4096 May 25 16:07 aaa
drwxr-xr-x 2 jiel jiel 4096 May 25 12:12 Desktop
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jiel jiel 24410321 May 25 12:29 firefox-21.0.tar.bz2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jiel jiel 125 May 25 15:56 jabackup.tar.gz
[jiel@jiel ~]$
find. -perm 775
./aaa
./.redhat
./.redhat/esc
./.gstreamer-0.10
./.gnome
./.gnome/gnome-vfs
./.mozilla/firefox/7hfxc4nf.default/extensions
./.mozilla/firefox/7hfxc4nf.default/Cache
./.mozilla/extensions/{ec8030f7-c20a-464f-9b0e-13a3a9e97384}
[jiel@jiel ~]$
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dmesg 查看本次开机内核的加载信息
init * 切换到相应级别
init 1 进入单用户模式(自动登录root 且不需要输入密码,不加载任何服务)