一、Nginx 安装
1、安装包组
# yum groupinstall "Development Tools" "Server Platform Deveopment"
安装出错
file /usr/share/man/man7/stappaths.7.gz from install of systemtap-devel-1.8-7.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package systemtap-runtime-1.8-7.el6.x86_64
需要卸载systemtap-runtime-1.8-7.el6.x86_64
# yum -y remove systemtap-runtime
2、解决依赖关系
# yum install openssl-devel pcre-devel
3、添加服务用户
# useradd -r nginx
4、编译安装
# ./configure \ --prefix=/data/soft/nginx \ --sbin-path=/data/soft/nginx/sbin/nginx \ --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \ --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_flv_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \ --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \ --with-pcre # make && make install
5、提供服务脚本
#!/bin/sh # # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon # # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \ # proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server # processname: nginx # config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf # config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx # pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network # Check that networking is up. [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0 nginx="/data/soft/nginx/sbin/nginx" prog=$(basename $nginx) NGINX_CONF_FILE="/data/soft/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" [ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx make_dirs() { # make required directories user=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -` options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'` for opt in $options; do if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2` if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then # echo "creating" $value mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value fi fi done } start() { [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5 [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6 make_dirs echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile return $retval } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc $prog -QUIT retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile return $retval } restart() { configtest || return $? stop sleep 1 start } reload() { configtest || return $? echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " killproc $nginx -HUP RETVAL=$? echo } force_reload() { restart } configtest() { $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE } rh_status() { status $prog } rh_status_q() { rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1 } case "$1" in start) rh_status_q && exit 0 $1 ;; stop) rh_status_q || exit 0 $1 ;; restart|configtest) $1 ;; reload) rh_status_q || exit 7 $1 ;; force-reload) force_reload ;; status) rh_status ;; condrestart|try-restart) rh_status_q || exit 0 ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}" exit 2 esac
6、赋予执行权限,添加服务,启动服务。
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx # chkconfig --add nginx # chkconfig nginx on # service nginx start
7、重启报错
# service nginx restart nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: [emerg] mkdir() "/var/tmp/nginx/client/" failed (2: No such file or directory) nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed
解决
# mkdir -p /var/tmp/nginx/client
二、mysql通用二进制包安装
详情请看http://qiufengsong.blog.51cto.com/7520243/1284355
三、php安装
1、解决依赖关系
# yum -y install libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel mhash mhash-devel mcrypt libevent libevent-devel curl-devel libxml2-devel bzip2-devel
2、解压安装包,并编译安装
# tar xf php-5.4.4.tar.bz2 # cd php-5.4.4 #./configure --prefix=/data/soft/php-5.5/ -with-openssl --enable-fpm --enable-sockets --enable-sysvshm --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --with-mhash --with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd # make # make install
3、提供配置文件,服务脚本
# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini # cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm # chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm # chkconfig --add php-fpm # chkconfig php-fpm on # cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
4、编辑php-fpm的配置文件,做下简单修改,主要改pid文件
# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf pm.max_children = 150 pm.start_servers = 8 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 10 pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
5、启动服务
# service php-fpm start
6、服务脚本启动时没有OK字样我么可以编辑服务脚本,在其中加入这么两行
[ -f /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions ] && . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions 脚本首行 在启动服务start的daemon后台进程前加上daemon daemon $php_fpm_BIN --daemonize $php_opts
四、编辑配置文件,使nginx支持fastcgi,提供页面,显示phpinfo信息。
1、编辑配置文件
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
2、重启服务
# service php-fpm reload
3、提供web页面,编辑nginx配置文件,使得nginx首先检索index.php,打开浏览器,查看nginx是否与php构建连接。
# vim /usr/html/index.php <?php phpinfo(); ?> # vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf location / { root html; index index.php index.html index.htm; } 启用 location ~ \.php$ { root html; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; }
4、好了,在浏览器中输入nginx服务器的IP地址就可访问自定义的web页面了。
五、Nginx服务器为Apache服务器做代理
1、两种代理的区别
location /tmp { proxy_pass http://172.16.5.103/; } location ~ /tmp { proxy_pass http://172.16.5.103; }
两者区别在于,前者代理到客户端服务器的根‘/’,后者代理到/tmp,而且,后者根下必须有tmp目录且后者ip后面不能有uri。此时,/tmp在代理服务器上是虚构的。
2、给报文增加报头信息
location /tmp { proxy_pass http://172.16.5.103/; http://固定格式,不能少。 add_header X-VIA-SERVER $remote_addr; } $remote_addr 远程客户端地址 $server_addr 代理服务器地址
在浏览器中按f12,在跳出来的工具栏中选择network,点击文件的名字,在旁边可以看到报文头X-VIA-SERVER的信息
X-VIA-SERVER自定义的字符串
Connection:keep-alive Content-Length:4 Content-Type:text/html; charset=UTF-8 Date:Sat, 14 Sep 2013 14:31:42 GMT Server:nginx/1.4.2 X-Powered-By:PHP/5.3.3 X-VIA-SERVER:172.16.5.254远程客户端地址
3、编辑nginx配置文件,使得后端服务器可以得到远程服务器的IP地址
location /tmp { proxy_pass http://172.16.5.103/; add_header X-VIA-SERVER $remote_addr; proxy_set_headerREMOTE-ADDR $remote_addr; }
add_header报文头ip 只能是客户端和代理服务器 $remote_addr|$server_addr的ip
proxy_set_header重写报文首部,并将首部ip传递到后端服务器的日志中。
proxy_set_header设置的同时要在后端服务器编辑配置文件中日志格式的写法。
LogFormat "%{REMOTE-ADDR}i %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
注意,在设定proxy_set_header之前,缓存记录中如果存在的是
4、直接代理和分组代理
直接代理只能为单个目录进行代理,而分组代理可以实现负载均衡。
直接代理
location /tmp { proxy_pass http://172.16.5.101/; }
分组代理:
upstream servers { server 172.16.5.101 weight=2; server 172.16.5.102 weight=3; } location / { root html; index index.php index.html index.htm; proxy_pass http://servers; add_header luliming $remote_addr; proxy_set_header REMOTE-ADDR $remote_addr; }
5、编辑配置文件,使客户端可以上传文件的到后端服务器
在后端apache服务器上启用DAV (httpd的扩展,也是一种网络文件系统)
<Directory "/var/www/html"> DAV on
给apache用户设置权限
# setfacl -m u:apache:rwx /var/www/html/
编辑代理服务器,使得客户端上传文件到后端服务器
location / { root html; index index.php index.html index.htm; proxy_pass http://servers; add_header luliming $remote_addr; proxy_set_header REMOTE-ADDR $remote_addr; if ($request_method ~* 'PUT') { proxy_pass http://172.16.5.101; } }
# curl -T /etc/passwd 172.16.5.11/上传到代理服务器 <p>Resource /passwd has been created.</p>上传成功 <address>Apache/2.2.15 (Red Hat) Server at 172.16.5.101 Port 80</address>
发现上传到了后端服务器
6、nginx缓存功能
在http{}中定义缓存目录
proxy_cache_path /etc/nginx/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=static:10m inactive=24h max_size=1g;
/etc/nginx/cache 缓存目录,要在nginx代理服务器上创建该目录
levels=1:2 缓存级别 最多三级:levels=1:2:1,一级缓存,缓存的时候缓存目录下,只会创建一个目录,然后就是缓存对象,二级缓存,有两个目录,三级三个。更新缓存级别,服务要重启。每个级别所占的字节最多为2.
keys_zone=static:10m 缓存目录下索引目录的大小
inactive=24h非活动时长,24h表示全天候
max_size=1g缓存空间的大小
location /bbs { proxy_pass http://172.16.5.101/; proxy_cache static; proxy_cache_valid 200 1d; proxy_cache_valid 301 302 10m; proxy_cache_valid any 1m; }
proxy_cache_valid定义对应响应码的混存对象的混存时间
proxy_cache_valid 200 1d正常访问,缓存对象的缓存时间。
proxy_cache_valid 301 302 10m报文重定向,缓存对象的缓存时间。
proxy_cache_valid any 1m 其他任意响应码缓存对象的缓存时间。
再次访问代理服务器,就会在缓存目录中看到响应的缓存对象了。