一、准备实验环境
二、安装nginx服务器(nginx1,nginx2)
三、安装FastCgi服务器
四、安装http服务器(用于静态服务器)
五、测试nginx是否实现负载均衡以及动静分离
六、配置Nginx的高可用服务
一、准备实验环境
1、IP地址规划
VIP: 172.16.10.8
nginx1:172.16.10.1
nginx2:172.16.10.2
php1:172.16.10.3
php2:172.16.10.4
web:172.16.10.6
2、网络拓扑图
3、服务器配置
nginx1服务器
sed -i 's@\(HOSTNAME=\).*@\1nginx1.xiaodong.com@g' /etc/sysconfig/network echo "172.16.10.2 nginx1.xiaodong.com nginx2" >> /etc/hosts ssh-keygen -t rsa ssh-copy-id .ssh/id_rsa.pub ngix2
nginx2服务器
sed -i 's@\(HOSTNAME=\).*@\1nginx2.xiaodong.com@g' /etc/sysconfig/network echo "172.16.10.1 nginx1.xiaodong.com nginx1" >> /etc/hosts ssh-keygen -t rsa ssh-copy-id .ssh/id_rsa.pub ngix2
二、安装nginx服务器(nginx1,nginx2)
[root@nginx1 ~]# tar xf nginx-1.4.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@nginx1 ~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@nginx1 local]# groupadd -r nginx [root@nginx1 local]# useradd -r -g nginx nginx [root@nginx1 nginx-1.4.2]# cd nginx-1.4.2/ [root@nginx1 nginx-1.4.2]# ./configure \ --prefix=/usr \ --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \ --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \ --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \ --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \ --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \ --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_flv_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \ --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \ --with-pcre [root@nginx1 nginx-1.4.2]# make && make install [root@nginx1 nginx-1.4.2]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx #!/bin/sh # # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon # # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \ # proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server # processname: nginx # config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf # config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx # pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network # Check that networking is up. [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0 nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx" prog=$(basename $nginx) NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" [ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx make_dirs() { # make required directories user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -` options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'` for opt in $options; do if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2` if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then # echo "creating" $value mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value fi fi done } start() { [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5 [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6 make_dirs echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile return $retval } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc $prog -QUIT retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile return $retval } restart() { configtest || return $? stop sleep 1 start } reload() { configtest || return $? echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " killproc $nginx -HUP RETVAL=$? echo } force_reload() { restart } configtest() { $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE } rh_status() { status $prog } rh_status_q() { rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1 } case "$1" in start) rh_status_q && exit 0 $1 ;; stop) rh_status_q || exit 0 $1 ;; restart|configtest) $1 ;; reload) rh_status_q || exit 7 $1 ;; force-reload) force_reload ;; status) rh_status ;; condrestart|try-restart) rh_status_q || exit 0 ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}" exit 2 esac [root@nginx1 nginx-1.4.2]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx [root@nginx1 nginx-1.4.2]# service nginx start
注意:在安装的过程中可能会缺少一些包,但是不必担心,只要使用yum install 就可用解决问题喽
1、nginx支持php的配置(nginx1,nginx2)
[root@nginx1 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; ~
2、修改nginx配置文件(nginx1,nginx2),实现动静分离并记录访问者的IP
orker_processes 2; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; proxy_cache_path /data/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=STATIC:10m inactive=24h max_size=1g; client_max_body_size 20m; client_header_buffer_size 16k; large_client_header_buffers 4 16k; tcp_nopush on; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_proxied any; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_comp_level 3; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on; proxy_temp_path /tmp/proxy_temp; proxy_cache_path /tmp/proxy_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:500m inactive=1d max_size=3g; proxy_connect_timeout 50; proxy_read_timeout 600; proxy_send_timeout 600; proxy_buffer_size 128k; proxy_buffers 16 256k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 512k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 1024m; proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404 http_502 http_504; upstream web { server 172.16.10.3:9000 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; server 172.16.10.4:9000 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; server 172.16.10.1:80 backup; } server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } location ~ \.php$ { root /web/htdoc; fastcgi_pass web; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; } location ~ \.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$ { proxy_pass http://172.16.10.6; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_cache STATIC; proxy_cache_valid 200 1d; proxy_cache_valid 301 302 10m; # proxy_cache_vaild any 1m; proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header updating http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504; } } }
注释:
第10行-18行 :开启代理缓存功能
第19行-26行: 开启压缩功能
第44行-51行: 转发动态网页
第50 行: 修改头部信息,使得后端web服务器可以看到访问端的地址
第53行―56行: 转发静态网页
三、安装FastCgi服务器
1、php1与php2服务器
[root@php1 ~]#yum install gcc libxml2-devel openssl-devel bzip2-devel libmcrypt-devel -y [root@php1 ~]# tar xf php-5.4.19.tar.bz2 [root@php1 ~]# cd php-5.4.19 [root@php1 php-5.4.19]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd/php --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-openssl --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --enable-sockets --enable-fpm --with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 [root@php1 php-5.4.19]# make && make install
2、为php提供配置文件 (php1与php2)
[root@php1 php-5.4.19]# cp /usr/local/httpd/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default/usr/local/httpd/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@php1 php-5.4.19]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
3、为php-fpm提供Sysv init脚本,并将其添加至服务列表(php1与php2)
[root@php1 php-5.4.19]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm[root@php1 php-5.4.19]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm [root@php1 php-5.4.19]# chkconfig --add php-fpm [root@php1 php-5.4.19]# chkconfig php-fpm on
4、修改配置文件(php1与php2)
[root@php1 ~]# vim /usr/local/httpd/php/etc/php-fpm.conf listen = 172.16.10.3:9000
5、启动服务(php1与php2)
root@php1 php-5.4.19]# service php-fpm start
6、创建php网址目录(php1)
[root@php1 ~]# mkdir -pv /web/htdoc/ [root@php1 ~]# vim /web/htdoc/index.php <h1> php1 </h1> <?php phpinfo(); ?>
7、创建php网址目录(php2)
[root@php2 ~]# mkdir -pv /web/htdoc/ [root@php2 ~]# vim /web/htdoc/index.php <h1> php2 </h1> <?php phpinfo(); ?>
四、安装http服务器(用于静态服务器)
[root@http ~]# yum install httpd -y [root@http ~]#echo "<h1>stati html 172.16.10.6 </h1>" > >/var/www/html/index.html [root@http ~]#service httpd start
五、测试nginx是否实现负载均衡以及动静分离
1、访问动态页面测试
2、访问静态页面测试
此时虽然实现了Nginx的负载均衡以后动静分离,但是无法保证nginx服务器的高可用,下面配置nginx的高可用
六、配置Nginx的高可用服务
1、安装heartbeat(nginx1,nginx2)
[root@nginx1 ~]# yum install heartbeat -y
2、复制模块文件
[root@nginx1 ha.d]# cd /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/ [root@nginx1 heartbeat-3.0.4]# cp authkeys ha.cf haresources /etc/ha.d/
注释:
authkeys #是节点之间的认证key文件
ha.cf #heartbeat的主配置文件
haresources #集群资源管理配置文件
3、修改authkeys配置文件
[root@nginx1 ha.d]# openssl rand -hex 8>> /etc/ha.d/authkeys 生成随机数 [root@nginx1 ha.d]# vim authkeys auth 2 #1crc #2sha1 HI! #3md5 Hello! 2sha1 07cc87ff210e92e0
4、修改权限
[root@nginx1 ha.d]# chmod 600authkeys
5、修改主配置文件
[root@nginx1 ha.d]# vim ha.cf logfile /var/log/ha-log keepalive 2 deadtime 30 warntime 10 ucast eth0 172.16.10.2#指向nginx2的IP node nginx1.xiaodong.com node nginx2.xiaodong.com
6、修改资源配置文件
[root@nginx1 ~]# vim /etc/ha.d/haresources ngnix1.xiaodong.com 172.16.10.8/16/eth0 nginx
注意:此处说明,nginx1为主节点
7、复制配置文件到nginx2
[root@nginx1 ~]# cd /etc/ha.d/ [root@nginx1 ha.d]# scp -p authkeys haresources ha.cf nginx2:/etc/ha.d/
8、启动heartbeat服务
[root@nginx1 ~]# service heartbeat start [root@nginx2 ~]# service heartbeat start
9、测试heartbeat与nginx是否结合
查看nginx1的启动日志
10、停止nginx1服务
[root@nginx1 ~]# service heartbeat stop
当nginx1停掉之后,查看nginx2日志信息
以上信息反馈出来了,当nginx1 down掉之后,nginx2立刻检测到,并启动nginx服务,保证了nginx的高可用性。
本博客自此结束,望广大博友多多指教!!!