一，pickle模块使用的数据格式是python专用的，并且不同版本不向后兼容，同时也不能被其他语言说识别。用于将数据方便地从文件或网络存取。示例如下：
#!/usr/bin/python
import pickle
def save_data(file, data):
pickle.dump(data, open(file, 'w'))
def load_data(file):
return pickle.load(open(file, 'r'))
if __name__ == '__main__':
data = {}
data[0] = "apple"
data["name"] = "ciaos"
print data
save_data("save.dat", data)
loaddata = load_data("save.dat")
print loaddata
执行效果如下：
root # python test.py
{0: 'apple', 'name': 'ciaos'}
{0: 'apple', 'name': 'ciaos'}
二，ConfigParser解析的配置文件的格式比较象ini的配置文件格式，就是文件中由多个section构成，每个section下又有多个配置项
root # cat test.conf [db] db_host=127.0.0.1 db_port=3306 db_user=root db_pass=password [concurrent] thread=10 processor=20
#test.py
#!/usr/bin/python
import ConfigParser
import string, os, sys
cf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
cf.read("test.conf")
# return section
s = cf.sections()
print 'section:', s
o = cf.options("db")
print 'options:', o
v = cf.items("db")
print 'db:', v
print '-'*60
db_host = cf.get("db", "db_host")
db_port = cf.getint("db", "db_port")
db_user = cf.get("db", "db_user")
db_pass = cf.get("db", "db_pass")
threads = cf.getint("concurrent", "thread")
processors = cf.getint("concurrent", "processor")
print "db_host:", db_host
print "db_port:", db_port
print "db_user:", db_user
print "db_pass:", db_pass
print "thread:", threads
print "processor:", processors
cf.set("db", "db_pass", "zhaowei")
cf.write(open("test.conf", "w"))
执行效果如下：
root # python test.py
section: ['db', 'concurrent']
options: ['db_host', 'db_port', 'db_user', 'db_pass']
db: [('db_host', '127.0.0.1'), ('db_port', '3306'), ('db_user', 'root'), ('db_pass', 'password')]
------------------------------------------------------------
db_host: 127.0.0.1
db_port: 3306
db_user: root
db_pass: password
thread: 10
processor: 20
三，python提供了一个日志模块logging，它可以把我们想要的信息全部保存到一个日志文件中，方面我们查看
import logging
def get_logger(log_name):
logger = logging.getLogger()
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(pathname)s - %(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',)
file_handler = logging.FileHandler(log_name)
file_handler.setFormatter(formatter)
logger.addHandler(file_handler)
logger.setLevel(logging.NOTSET)
return logger
logger = get_logger("file.log")
logger.debug('debug')
logger.info('info')
logger.warning('warn')
logger.error('error')
#
# root # cat test.log
# test.py - 2013-05-28 23:59:22,771 - root - ERROR - test one
# test.py - 2013-05-28 23:59:22,771 - root - ERROR - test two
#
四，import pdb包用于代码调试，在需要设置断点的地方添加pdb.set_trace()
参照http://blog.csdn.net/luckeryin/article/details/4477233
五，python脚本中若包含中文字符，运行会出错，可以在源代码文件前面添加如下代码即可
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')
六，post表单
import urllib
import urllib2
postdata = {"name":"test"}
f = urllib2.urlopen(
url = "http://127.0.0.1/post.php",
data = urllib.urlencode(postdata)
)
print f.read()
七，利用urllib2实现文件下载
def downloader(filename, url):
try:
f = urllib2.urlopen(url,timeout=10800)
with open(filename, "wb") as code:
code.write(f.read())
except:
logger.critical(sys.exc_info())
logger.error("download error " + url)
return 0
logger.info("download ok " + url)
return 1