Python的系统管理_09_python_email处理

E-mail解析:

包含headerbody:

header 包含控制数据:

寄件人、目的地、信息的标题,

body包含信息本身。

下面是邮件程序用到header的几种情况:

1.From header 可以向用户表明邮件的发件人,它也经常被用在客户点击“回复”按钮的时候。新的邮件被发送到Form header中的地址:

2.Reply-To header 可以设置一个回复的替换地址:

3.Subject header 用于显示邮箱摘要

4.Date header 可以被用来按照到达时间分类邮箱;

5.Message-ID In-Reply-To header 可以帮助某些邮件程序实现线索(threading,分层次地排列邮件);

6.MIME header 可以帮助邮件程序以合适的语言、格式来显示邮件,它们也用来处理附件。

一般实例:trad_gen_simple.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
#Traditional Message Generation , Simple
#Trad_gen_simple.py
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
message = ''' Hello,
This is a test message form Traditional Message!
-- Anonymous '''
msg = MIMEText(message)
msg['To'] = '[email protected]'
msg['From'] = 'Test Sender <[email protected]>'
msg['Subject'] = 'Test Message ,'
print msg.as_string()


添加DateMessage-ID header

Date header 一种为E-mail专门设置的格式,email.Utils.formatdate()函数来产生。

为新邮件添加一个Message-ID header就不和世界其他邮件Message-ID重复,产生函数: email.Utils.make_msgid()

实例: trad_gen_newhdrs.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
#Traditional Message Generation with Date and Message-ID
#Trad_gen_newhdrs.py
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
from email import Utils
message = ''' Hello,
This is a test message form Traditional Message!
-- Anonymous '''
msg = MIMEText(message)
msg['To'] = '[email protected]'
msg['From'] = 'Test Sender <[email protected]>'
msg['Subject'] = 'Test Message ,'
msg['Date'] = Utils.formatdate(localtime = 1)
msg['Message-ID'] = Utils.make_msgid()
print msg.as_string()

这样这个邮件已经可以发送了。


解析传统邮件:

编辑生成文件message.txt,作为邮件要解析的文本。

编辑 trad_parse.py ,作为解析程序。

迭代出邮件信息,检索出必要信息。


解析日期:

E-mail中解析出日期并不容易,header里有日期标示方法,实际Date header可能无效。尽管有python emai.Utils模块。 parsedate_tz()函数会载入一个日期字符串,希望能返回10个元素的元组,元组9个元素可以传递给time.mktime()10个指定时区,而mktime()不能接收,所以使用mktime_tz()函数,他可以转换这个特殊的第10元素。

解析程序例子:data_parse.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
#Traditional Message Parsing
#data_parse.py
import sys, email, time
from email import Utils
def getdate(msg):
    """Returns the date/time from msg in seconds-since-epoch, if possible.
    Otherwise,returens None."""
    if not 'date' in msg:
        #No Date header present.
        return None
    datehdr = msg['date'].strip()
    try :
    print Utils.mktime_tz(Utils.parsedate_tz(datehdr))
        return Utils.mktime_tz(Utils.parsedate_tz(datehdr))
    except:
        # Some sort of error occured, like ly because of an invalid date.
        return None
msg = email.message_from_file(sys.stdin)
dateval = getdate(msg)
if dateval is None:
    print "No valid date was found."
else:
    print "dateval:" , dateval

MIME概念:

MIME包含多个部分,常规邮件包含header和内容,当你使用MIME多部分邮件的时候,你可以包含如:邮件文字和附件。它可以用不同方式(例如,纯文本和HTML)。

MIME支持不同传输编码,提供内容类型如:text/plainimage/jpeg 可以指定字符集。


MIME是如何工作:

按照一般约定,最基本内容(纯文本邮件,)会出现在最前面,这样没有MIME的程序也可以阅读,Python可以解析树来使用。


添加MIME附件:

为了编写带有附件的邮件,通常来说,您需要下面几个步骤:

1.建立一个MIMEMultipart()对象,设置邮件的header.

2.为邮件内容部分建立一个MIMEText()对象,也把它放到MIMEMultipart()对象中。

3.为每一个附件,建立一个合适MIME对象,也把它放到MIMEMultpart()对象中。

4.调用MIMEMultipart()对象中的as_string()函数来得到作为结果的邮件。

演示程序:mime_gen_basic.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# MIME attachement generation
# mime_gen_basic.py
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.MIMEBase import MIMEBase
from email import Utils, Encoders
import mimetypes, sys
def attachment(filename):
    fd = open(filename,'rb')
    mimetype, mimeencoding = mimetypes.guess_type(filename)
    if mimeencoding or (mimetype is None):
        mimetype = 'application/octet-stream'
    maintype, subtype = mimetype.split('/')
    if maintype == 'text':
        retval = MIMEText(fd.read(),_subtype=subtype)
    else:
        retval = MIMEBase(maintype, subtype)
        retval.set_payload(fd.read())
        Encoders.encode_base64(retval)
    retval.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment',filename = filename)
    fd.close()
    return retval
message = ''' Hello,
This is a test message form Traditional Message!
-- Anonymous '''
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['To'] = '[email protected]'
msg['From'] = 'Test Sender <[email protected]>'
msg['Subject'] = 'Test Message ,'
msg['Date'] = Utils.formatdate(localtime = 1)
msg['Message-ID'] = Utils.make_msgid()
body = MIMEText(message,_subtype='plain')
msg.attach(body)
for filename in sys.argv[1:]:
    msg.attach(attachment(filename))
print msg.as_string()


SMTP发送邮件:

Python是通过smtplib模块来实现SMTP的,smtplib模块可以使用SMTP的简单任务变得更容易。

简单SMTP程序:smtp_simple.py

SMTP发送带附件的邮件:

mime_stmp.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# MIME attachement generation
# mime_gen_basic.py
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.MIMEBase import MIMEBase
from email import Utils, Encoders
import mimetypes, sys
import smtplib
mail_server = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com'
mail_server_port = 465
from_addr = 'test@x'
to_addr = 'x'
s=smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_server,mail_server_port)
def attachment(filename):
    fd = open(filename,'rb')
    mimetype, mimeencoding = mimetypes.guess_type(filename)
    if mimeencoding or (mimetype is None):
        mimetype = 'application/octet-stream'
    maintype, subtype = mimetype.split('/')
    if maintype == 'text':
        retval = MIMEText(fd.read(),_subtype=subtype)
    else:
        retval = MIMEBase(maintype, subtype)
        retval.set_payload(fd.read())
        Encoders.encode_base64(retval)
    retval.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment',filename = filename)
    fd.close()
    return retval
message = ''' Hello,
This is a test message form Traditional Message!

POP3接收邮件:

连接和认证一个远程服务器的过程:

1.建立一个POP3对象,传给它远程服务器的主机名和端口号。

2.调用user()pass_()函数来发送用户名和密码。

3.如果产生poplib.error_proto异常,登录就失败,服务器就会发送和异常有关的字符串和解释文字。

4.一旦连接上,调用stat(),返回一个一个元组,其中包含了服务器邮箱中邮件的数量和邮件总大小。

5.调用quit()关闭POP连接,代码如下:


一个简单连接: POP3_simple.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
#pop3_simple.py
import poplib
username='test@x'
password='x'
mail_server = 'xx'
p = poplib.POP3(mail_server)
p.user(username)
p.pass_(password)
status = p.stat()
print "Mailbox has %d messages for a total of %d bytes" %(status[0],status[1])
p.quit()
#for msg_id in p.list()[1]:
#    print msg_id
#    outf = open ('%s.eml' % msg_id , 'w')
#    outf.write('\n' .join(p.retr(msg_id)[1]))
#    outf.close()
#p.quit()

取得邮箱信息: pop3_get.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
#pop3_get.py
import poplib
username='test@x'
password='x'
mail_server = 'pop.exmail.qq.com'
p = poplib.POP3(mail_server)
p.user(username)
p.pass_(password)
status = p.stat()
print "Mailbox has %d messages for a total of %d bytes" %(status[0],status[1])
for item in p.list()[1]:
    print item
    print item.split(' ')
    number, octets = item.split(' ')
    print "Message %s: %s bytes " %(number,octets)
p.quit()
#for msg_id in p.list()[1]:
#    print msg_id
#    outf = open ('%s.eml' % msg_id , 'w')
#    outf.write('\n' .join(p.retr(msg_id)[1]))
#    outf.close()
#p.quit()

下载邮件:pop3_download.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
#pop3_download.py
import poplib
import getpass,sys,email
username='test@x'
password='x'
mail_server = 'pop.exmail.qq.com'
dest = "testmbox"
#destfd = open (dest,"at")
p = poplib.POP3(mail_server)
p.user(username)
p.pass_(password)
status = p.stat()
print "Mailbox has %d messages for a total of %d bytes" %(status[0],status[1])
for item in p.list()[1]:
#    print item
#    print item.split(' ')
    number, octets = item.split(' ')
    print "Message %s: %s bytes " %(number,octets)
    # Retrieve the message (storing it in a list of lines)
    lines = p.retr(number)[1]
    print lines
    print "*" * 75
    #Create an e-mail object representing the message
    msg = email.message_from_string("\n" .join(lines))
    print msg
    destfd = open('%s.eml'%number,"at")
    #Write it out to the mailbox
    destfd.write(msg.as_string(unixfrom=1))
    # Make sure there's an extra newline separating messages
    destfd.write("\n")
p.quit()
destfd.close()
#for msg_id in p.list()[1]:
#    print msg_id
#    outf = open ('%s.eml' % msg_id , 'w')
#    outf.write('\n' .join(p.retr(msg_id)[1]))
#    outf.close()
#p.quit()

删除邮件:L


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